Green Dyeing and Antibacterial Treatment of Hemp Fabrics Using Punica granatum Peel Extracts

Table 4

Antibacterial activity against S. aureus and K. pneumoniae of dyed, antibacterial finished fabrics after different wash cycles by percentage reduction (AATCC-100).

Sample	% reduction
	S. aureus	K. pneumoniae
Untreated	56.67	N.D.
Dyed	99.67	N.D.
Dyed and antibacterial finished	99.99	99.99
5 wash cycles	99.99	N.D.
10 wash cycles	99.99	N.D.
15 wash cycles	99.99	N.D.
20 wash cycles	99.99	N.D.

N.D.: no detection. Dyeing condition: at temperature 80°C for 60 min at a dye concentration of 6% . Antibacterial finishing condition: padding at a nip pressure of 2.5 kg/cm².