Poly(vinyl alcohol) Hydrogels: The Old and New Functional Materials

Table 2

The properties of typical PVA-based hydrogel sensors.

Sensing target	Response time	Mechanical property	Characteristic	Ref.
Temperature	~1 s	Good elastic and mechanical properties	Moisture retention under normal temperature and moderate conditions (water retention 37% ~ 95%)	[44]
Strain	0.32 s	High tensile strain up to 500%,		[116]
Strain	170 ms	,	Low detection strain (0.25%), wide sensing range (0.8 kPa~ 50 kPa), durable operation	[120]
pH and Pb^+2	/	/	Capable of dehydration and rehydration	[123]
Glucose concentration	180 s	/	Low detection limit (glucose concentration: 0 ~ 20 mM)	[124]