A Review on Polyaniline: Synthesis, Properties, Nanocomposites, and Electrochemical Applications

Table 6

Some different studies on sensors based on polyaniline or one of its nanocomposites.

Sensory system	Analytes	Sensitivity % at ppm	Range (ppm)	Response time	Recovery time	Detection limit	References
PANI	NH3	140% for 100 ppm	1–2000 ppm	60 s	240 s	—	[201, 203]
PANI-MWCNTs	NH3	320% for 100 ppm	0.9	20 min	40 min	50 ppm	[204]
PANI-MWCNT	CO	6.8–26.7%	—	76 s	210 s	—	[205]
PANI-SWCNT	NH3	5.8%	0.1–100	—	—	0.05 ppm	[206]
PANI-SWCNT	NO2	1.9%	0.5–80	—	—	0.5 ppm	[206]
PANI-SWCNT	H2S	3.6%	2–100	—	—	0.5 ppm	[206]
PANI/Co3O4	CO	8.6%	—	140 s	90 s	—	[207]
PANI/TiO2 nanorods	NH3	75% for 100 ppm	1	40 s	400 s	20 ppm	[208]
PANI-SnO2 NPs	NH3	8% for 100 ppm	0.08	10 s	150 s	100 ppm	[209]
SnO2/rGO/PANI	H2S	9.1% for 0.1 ppm	0.1	—	—	0.05 ppm	[210]
PANI/TiO2 nanofibers	NH3	180% for 0.2 ppm	0.33	20 s	50 s	25 ppb	[211]
PANI/TiO2	Acetone	0.5%	15–50	—	—	10 ppm	[212]
PANI/TiO2	Ethyl acetate	0.06%	10–80	—	—	10 ppm	[212]
PANI/TiO2	Toluene	1.4%	2–35	—	—	2 ppm	[212]
PANI/TiO2	Ethanol	2.1%	1–35	—	—	0.5 ppm	[212]
PANI/AuNPs	H2S	—	0.1–8000	—	—	0.1 ppm	[194]
PANI/rGO	NH3	50%	0.01	1000 s	50 s	5 ppm	[213]
PANI/Ag NPs	NH3	200%	1.2	20 min	30 min	100 ppm	[214]
PANI/Au/Al2O3	Acetone	0.06	30–300	—	—	30 ppm	[215]
PANI-PMMA fibers	Ammonia	550% for 30 ppm	27	200 s	300 s	1 ppm	[216]
PANI/In2O3	NH3	90% for 93 ppm	0.7	10 s	60 s	23 ppm	[217]
PANI/acrylic acid	Ammonia	2%	1–600	—	—	1 ppm	[218]