Review Article
A Review on Polyaniline: Synthesis, Properties, Nanocomposites, and Electrochemical Applications
Table 6
Some different studies on sensors based on polyaniline or one of its nanocomposites.
| Sensory system | Analytes | Sensitivity % at ppm | Range (ppm) | Response time | Recovery time | Detection limit | References |
| PANI | NH3 | 140% for 100 ppm | 1–2000 ppm | 60 s | 240 s | — | [201, 203] | PANI-MWCNTs | NH3 | 320% for 100 ppm | 0.9 | 20 min | 40 min | 50 ppm | [204] | PANI-MWCNT | CO | 6.8–26.7% | — | 76 s | 210 s | — | [205] | PANI-SWCNT | NH3 | 5.8% | 0.1–100 | — | — | 0.05 ppm | [206] | PANI-SWCNT | NO2 | 1.9% | 0.5–80 | — | — | 0.5 ppm | [206] | PANI-SWCNT | H2S | 3.6% | 2–100 | — | — | 0.5 ppm | [206] | PANI/Co3O4 | CO | 8.6% | — | 140 s | 90 s | — | [207] | PANI/TiO2 nanorods | NH3 | 75% for 100 ppm | 1 | 40 s | 400 s | 20 ppm | [208] | PANI-SnO2 NPs | NH3 | 8% for 100 ppm | 0.08 | 10 s | 150 s | 100 ppm | [209] | SnO2/rGO/PANI | H2S | 9.1% for 0.1 ppm | 0.1 | — | — | 0.05 ppm | [210] | PANI/TiO2 nanofibers | NH3 | 180% for 0.2 ppm | 0.33 | 20 s | 50 s | 25 ppb | [211] | PANI/TiO2 | Acetone | 0.5% | 15–50 | — | — | 10 ppm | [212] | PANI/TiO2 | Ethyl acetate | 0.06% | 10–80 | — | — | 10 ppm | [212] | PANI/TiO2 | Toluene | 1.4% | 2–35 | — | — | 2 ppm | [212] | PANI/TiO2 | Ethanol | 2.1% | 1–35 | — | — | 0.5 ppm | [212] | PANI/AuNPs | H2S | — | 0.1–8000 | — | — | 0.1 ppm | [194] | PANI/rGO | NH3 | 50% | 0.01 | 1000 s | 50 s | 5 ppm | [213] | PANI/Ag NPs | NH3 | 200% | 1.2 | 20 min | 30 min | 100 ppm | [214] | PANI/Au/Al2O3 | Acetone | 0.06 | 30–300 | — | — | 30 ppm | [215] | PANI-PMMA fibers | Ammonia | 550% for 30 ppm | 27 | 200 s | 300 s | 1 ppm | [216] | PANI/In2O3 | NH3 | 90% for 93 ppm | 0.7 | 10 s | 60 s | 23 ppm | [217] | PANI/acrylic acid | Ammonia | 2% | 1–600 | — | — | 1 ppm | [218] |
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