Epoxy–Date Palm Fiber Composites: Study on Manufacturing and Properties

Table 1

Research studies on epoxy–DPF composites.

Type of fibers	DPF ratios	Fabrication method and type of mold	Mechanical tests	Main conclusion	Reference
Date palm fibers	Neat epoxy	Hand lay-up technique	Three-point bending flexural	Based on the outcomes of this search, the addition of DPF has been shown to improve the flexural strength and modulus of epoxy composites. 50% DPF load produces better results.	Gheith et al. [13]
	40% DPF		Dynamic mechanical analysis
	50% DPF
	60% DPF
Date palm tree lignocellulosic fibers	5 wt%	A mold ( mm^3) made of a composite material	Three-point bending and Charpy impact tests	The higher mechanical properties were due to the better adhesion between the fibers and the matrix in the case of the composites containing oxidized fibers.	Sbiai et al. [14]
	10 wt%
	15 wt%
Trunk fibers of date palm tree were utilized	20 wt%	Hand molding method	Tensile and three-point bending	The addition of DPFs did not effect on the tensile strength when compared to the pure matrix. A bending test revealed that increasing the volume percent of DPFs by 7.5 results in an increase in the composites’ flexural strength.	Ahmadi et al. [15]
	30 wt%
	75 wt%
Date palm fiber (DPF) and kenaf fiber	30 wt%	Hand lay-up and then hot pressing	Tensile, impact, and morphological properties	The tensile strength of the DPF/epoxy composites is improved by kenaf fibers. Composites with DPF 30% have improved mechanical characteristics.	Ghori and Srinivasa Rao [16]
	50 wt%	Hot press technique
	70 wt%
Date palm leaf sheath (G), palm tree trunk (L), fruit bunch stalk (AA), and leaf stalk (A)	50 wt%	Hand lay-up technique	Tensile, impact strength, and flexural strength	The mechanical strength, water absorption, and morphological characteristics of fibers derived from various date palm tree components were studied. The findings demonstrate that as compared to epoxy composites, the strength and modulus of the synthesized composite are greatly improved by the application of DPF.	Alshammari et al. [17]
Date palm meshes	Single fiber	Hand lay-up	Tensile test and microbond test	After plasma treatment for DPF, the single fiber tensile strength and modulus tests for DPF/epoxy composites clearly improved.	Gholami et al. [18]
Date palm tree fiber	Not mentioned	Hand lay-up technique	Tensile test, impact test, and deflection test.	The mechanical properties were tested such as tensile test, impact test, hardness test, and deflection test. The results showed that the strength of the composite increases due to the addition of glass fibers.	Nandhakumar et al. [19]
Date palm petiole fibers	5 wt%	Hand lay-up	Tensile strength, Young’s modulus, flexural, and impact strength	Experiments in this study confirmed that the composite containing a fiber concentration of 20% by weight shows good tensile strength, Young’s modulus, impact strength, and flexural strength.	Dehury et al. [20]
	10 wt%
	15 wt%
	20 wt%
	25 wt%
Date palm textile	5 wt%	Hand lay-up technique	Bending, impact, tensile, and hardness tests	There was an increase in the values of Young’s modulus, impact strength, and hardness by increasing the rate of reinforcement. Tensile strength, the values were increased using reinforcements of 5% and 10% of DPF but decreased using 15% and 20%, due to a weak link between the fiber and matrix.	Samah [21]
	10 wt%
	15 wt%
	20 wt%