The last decade’s developments in the arena of wood/bamboo modification have accelerated considerably. When wood and bamboo are used in adverse environments, they may be treated with chemical, thermal, and other processes to help prevent decay, improve water resistance, reduce the effects of ultraviolet radiation, or increase fire retardancy.

Modification treatments can provide protection against water, decay, UV, and thermal degradations by bonding chemicals to the cell wall polymers that do not leach out. Innovative modification treatments based on nanotechnology are promising for wood/bamboo surfaces due to environmental and economic concerns.

This Special Issue covers all methods of surface modification that can improve weathering durability, decay resistance, mechanical durability, fire retardancy, and hydrophobicity of wood/bamboo surfaces or improve their compatibility with adhesives and coatings. The aim of this Special Issue is to increase the knowledge of wood/bamboo surface modification by collecting the latest research information. Original research and review articles are welcome.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Wood/bamboo-based construction and decoration materials
• Novel protective wood/bamboo coatings against UV, water, fire, bacteria, fungi, chemical, and mechanical stresses
• Functionalization of wood/bamboo surfaces by sol-gel treatments or deposition of nanomaterials
• Surface modification of wood/bamboo-based composites
• Stable superhydrophobic coatings on wood/bamboo surfaces
• Assessment and monitoring of service life performance
• Green hybrid biopolymer composites
• Advanced application of wood/bamboo-based composites
• Anatomical and microstructures features of lignocellulosic materials