Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis

Table 1

Mortality studies in psoriatic arthritis.

Study	Year	Country	no. of patients	Male, no. [%]	Follow-up period	SMR (95% CI)	Remarks	Major causes of death
Roberts et al. [11]	1976	UK	168	—	—	—	18 deaths occurred	9 deaths due to CVD
Coulton et al. [13]	1989	UK	40	16 (40)	8 years	—	No deaths occurred	—
Wong et al. [8]	1997	Canada	428	234 (54.7)	1978 –1993	Overall: 1.62 (1.21–2.12); Male: 1.65 (1.09, 2.04); Female: 1.59 (1.04, 2.33)	—	CVD (36.2%), respiratory disease (21.3%)
Shbeeb et al. [10]	2000	US	66	32 (48.5)	1982–1991	—	Similar survival to the general population	—
McHugh et al. [3]	2003	UK	87	38 (57.6)	Median: 65 months	—	9 deaths occurred	5 deaths due to CVD
Alamanos et al. [16]	2003	North-west Greece	221	108 (48.9)	1982–2001	—	4 deaths occurred	2 deaths due to CVD
Ali et al. [15]	2007	Canada	680	385 (56.6)	1978–2004	Overall: 1.36 (1.12–1.64); Male: 1.25 (0.95, 1.65); Female: 1.47 (1.13, 1.91)	—	Malignancy (23.6%), CVD (24.5%), respiratory diseases (10.4%)
Wilson et al. [9]	2009	US	147	90 (61)	1970–1999	0.91 (0.58, 1.37)	—	—
Buckley et al. [14]	2010	UK	453	232 (51.2)	1985–2007	Overall: 0.82 (0.58–1.13); Male: 0.68 (0.39, 1.10); Female: 0.97 (0.60, 1.48)	—	CVD (38%), respiratory disease (27%), malignancy (14%)
Ahlehoff et al. [17]	2010	Denmark	607	—	1997–2006	—	RR for all-cause mortality*: 1.74 (1.32–2.30); RR for cardiovascular death: 1.84 (1.11–3.06)	—
Mok et al. [12]	2011	Hong Kong	778	424 (54)	1999–2008	Overall: 2.50 (1.81–3.19); Male: 2.27 (1.44, 3.10); Female: 2.76 (1.61, 3.91)	—	Infection (33%), malignancy (20%), CVD (20%)

SMR: standardized mortality ratio; CI: confidence interval; UK: United Kingdom; CVD: cardiovascular disease; US: United States; RR: relative risk.
*Rate ratio (95% confidence interval) compared with 4,003,265 controls, adjusted for age, calendar year, concomitant medication, comorbidity, socio-economic data and gender.