Vitamin D Levels Are Associated with Expression of SLE, but Not Flare Frequency

Table 2

SLE participant differences: ACR, medications, and 25(OH)D status.

	Number (%)	value	Number ( value)	Number ( value)
		Vit. D level	Vit. D deficient	Vit. D insufficient
Clinical ACR SLE features
Malar rash	57 (71.3)	0.54	16 (0.07)	31 (0.14)
Discoid rash	3 (3.8)	0.23	2 (0.28)	1 (1.0)
Photosensitivity	43 (53.8)	0.52	11 (0.07)	23 (0.38)
Oral/nasal ulcers	29 (36.3)	0.12	10 (1.0)	12 (0.36)
Arthritis	63 (78.8)	0.63	21 (0.58)	31 (1.0)
Serositis	20 (25.0)	0.91	6 (0.79)	10 (1.0)
Renal disorder	37 (46.3)	0.49	16 (0.17)	15 (0.19)
Neurological disorder	33 (41.3)	0.67	12 (1.0)	17 (0.82)
Haematological disorder	39 (48.8)	0.95	14 (1.0)	20 (0.82)
Leucopoenia	18 (22.5)	0.57	7 (0.78)	10 (0.6)
Immunologic disorder	27 (33.8)	0.42	11 (0.47)	14 (0.81)
Antinuclear antibody ≥1 : 80	63 (78.8)	0.27	24 (0.39)	28 (0.18)
Medications
Hormones	30 (37.5)	0.23	5 (0.01)	16 (0.65)
ITM	67 (83.8)	0.56	20 (0.05)	36 (0.07)
Prednisolone	34 (42.5)	0.31	7 (0.03)	21 (0.07)
Vitamin D + prednisolone	15 (18.8)	0.71	4 (0.56)	9 (0.4)

Vitamin D categories: deficiency (50 nmol/L (≤20 ng/mL)) and insufficiency (52.5–72.5 nmol/L (>20.0 ≤ 29 ng/mL)) [3].