Effect of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Supplementation on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients with Hypovitamin D Which Were Given Vitamin D₃ towards Disease Activity (SLEDAI), IL-6, and TGF-β1 Serum

Table 4

Effects of C. xanthorrhiza supplementation on vitamin D₃ administration towards cytokine changes.

Variable	Vitamin D3 + placebo ()	Vitamin D3 + Curcuma xanthorrhiza ()	value
Δ IL-6 (pg/ml)	8.4 (IQR: 2.6–13.1)	2.9 (IQR: −0.45–11.85)	0.061
Δ TGF-β1 (pg/ml)	71.3 (IQR: 57.8–93.5)	57.9 (IQR: −1.0–100.0)	0.535
Δ TGF-β1/IL-6	85.1 ± 58.1	43.4 ± 56.2	0.029

There is a significant difference (); ΔIL-6: IL-6 before treatment/IL-6 after treatment; ΔTGF-β1: TGF-β1 after treatment/TGF-β1 before treatment; ΔTGF-β1/IL-6: ratio TGF-β1/IL-6 before treatment to ratio TGF-β1/IL-6 after treatment.