Population-Wide Associations between Common Viral Pathogens and Self-Reported Arthritis: NHANES 2009-2012
Table 2
Associations of viral markers and sexually transmitted diseases with self-reported arthritis, US adults ages 20-69 (N = 9483).
with arthritis (SE%)
w/o arthritis (SE)
OR (95 CI)
OR P-value
AOR (95 CI)
AOR p-value
Viral Markers
HSV 1 ab (N=5438)
69.1 (2.4)
56.0 (1.4)
1.68 (1.34-2.12)
<0.001
1.25 (0.96-1.62)
0.09
HSV 2 ab (N=5438)
31.2 (2.2)
15.7 (0.7)
2.28 (1.82-2.84)
<0.001
1.48 (1.10-1.99)
0.009
HPV oral PCR (N=8678)
10.3 (1.2)
6.9 (0.5)
1.55 (1.15-2.09)
0.004
1.63 (1.17-2.28)
0.004
HPV vaginal PCR (N=3469)
42.1 (3.5)
40.4 (1.3)
1.07 (0.80-1.43)
0.6
1.22 (0.90-1.66)
0.2
History of STDs
HPV (women) (N=4773)
15.1 (2.4)
20.0 (0.9)
0.71 (0.49-1.03)
0.07
1.28 (0.82-1.99)
0.3
Genital herpes (N=9443)
24.2 (3.1)
16.0 (0.6)
1.67 (1.20-2.34)
0.003
1.42 (1.02-1.99)
0.04
Genital warts (N=9450)
25.5 (2.8)
15.9 (0.6)
1.81 (1.30-2.51)
<0.001
1.56 (1.11-2.21)
0.01
Gonorrhea (N=9446)
4.6 (3.3)
16.4 (0.6)
0.25 (0.06-1.07)
0.06
0.26 (0.08-0.87)
0.03
Chlamydia (N=9446)
10.6 (3.7)
16.4 (0.6)
0.61 (0.28-1.31)
0.2
1.17 (0.50-2.73)
0.7
SE: standard error. OR: unadjusted odds ratio. AOR: adjusted odds ratio, adjusted for age, race, gender, education, income, BMI, and immunosuppressive medication use. CI: confidence interval. STDs: sexually transmitted diseases. All estimates are weighted to represent the national population. Each analysis has a different number of subjects due to different age and gender cutoffs for viral studies in NHANES. Analysis of STDs included additional data from the 2013-2014 NHANES cycle available at the time of study.
