Population-Wide Associations between Common Viral Pathogens and Self-Reported Arthritis: NHANES 2009-2012
Table 3
Associations of viral markers with comparator outcomes (gout, kidney stones, and hypertension), US adults ages 20-69 (N = 9483).
with outcome (SE)
w/o outcome (SE)
OR (95 CI)
OR P-value
AOR (95 CI)
AOR p-value
Gout
HSV 1 ab (N=5446)
66.1 (7.1)
58.1 (1.7)
1.41 (0.79-2.53)
0.2
1.35 (0.74-2.48)
0.3
HSV 2 ab (N=5446)
13.4 (3.7)
18.1 (0.8)
0.70 (0.37-1.34)
0.3
0.57 (0.24-1.35)
0.2
HPV oral PCR (N=8689)
11.0 (2.6)
7.4 (0.5)
1.54 (0.88-2.68)
0.1
1.12 (0.64-1.94)
0.7
HPV vaginal PCR (N=3474)
34.2 (9.1)
40.8 (1.3)
0.76 (0.33-1.71)
0.6
0.75 (0.33-1.71)
0.5
Kidney Stones
HSV 1 ab (N=5441)
65.8 (3.4)
57.7 (1.7)
1.41 (1.09-1.83)
0.009
1.21 (0.88-1.65)
0.2
HSV 2 ab (N=5441)
22.5 (3.7)
17.8 (0.8)
1.34 (0.87-2.08)
0.2
1.20 (0.73-1.96)
0.5
HPV oral PCR (N=8680)
8.0 (1.0)
7.5 (0.5)
1.07 (0.85-1.36)
0.6
1.01 (0.78-1.31)
0.7
HPV vaginal PCR (N=3472)
39.3 (3.5)
40.8 (1.4)
0.94 (0.68-1.30)
0.7
0.94 (0.68-1.30)
0.7
Hypertension
HSV 1 ab (N=5437)
67.1 (2.4)
56.6 (1.8)
1.67 (1.34-2.09)
<0.001
0.91 (0.66-1.24)
0.5
HSV 2 ab (N=5437)
26.7 (1.9)
16.5 (0.7)
1.92 (1.57-2.36)
<0.001
0.96 (0.78-1.19)
0.7
HPV oral PCR (N=8680)
8.0 (0.8)
7.4 (0.5)
1.10 (0.87-1.40)
0.4
1.17 (0.88-1.56)
0.3
HPV vaginal PCR (N=3470)
39.6 (2.7)
40.9 (1.4)
0.93 (0.74-1.17)
0.5
0.89 (0.67-1.18)
0.4
SE: standard error. OR: unadjusted odds ratio. AOR: adjusted odds ratio, adjusted for age, race, gender, education, income, BMI, and immunosuppressive medication use. CI: confidence interval. STDs: sexually transmitted diseases. Control conditions were chosen based on known metabolic etiology and low likelihood of association with viral infections, same data collection method, relatively high prevalence, and a similar demographic distribution. After adjustment, there was no association between positive viral studies and control outcomes, as predicted. All estimates are weighted to represent the national population. Each analysis has a different number of subjects due to different age and gender cutoffs for viral studies in NHANES.
