Research Article
Oral Complementary Medicine Use among People with Inflammatory Arthritis: An Australian Rheumatology Association Database Analysis
Table 3
Factors associated with complementary medicine use compared to no CM use, univariate, and multivariable analysis.
| | Variable | All CM univariate | All CM multivariable | | Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) |
| | Disease | | | | RA () | 1.00 | 1.00 | | PsA () | 1.32 (1.13-1.55) | 0.97 (0.82-1.15) | | AS () | 1.04 (0.89-1.23) | 1.02 (0.84-1.25) | | JIA () | 0.37 (0.27-0.58) | 0.44 (0.25-0.75) | | Greater disease duration | 0.99 (0.98-1.00) | 0.99 (0.98-0.99) | | Increased age | 1.01 (1.01-1.01) | 1.01 (1.01-1.02) | | Sex | | | | Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Female | 1.37 (1.22-1.53) | 1.30 (1.13-1.50) | | Function (HAQ)a | 0.89 (0.82-0.95) | 1.13 (1.02-1.24) | | Education | | | | Not completed secondary | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Secondary | 0.88 (0.76-1.02) | 1.11 (0.94-1.32) | | Tertiary | 1.29 (1.13-1.47) | 1.32 (1.13-1.55) | | Private health insurance | | | | No | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Yes | 1.35 (1.20-1.51) | 1.26 (1.10-1.44) | | Current smoking | | | | No | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Yes | 0.81 (0.56-0.63) | 0.76 (0.63-0.91) | | Alcohol | | | | Never | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Sometimes | 2.44 (2.15-2.78) | 1.22 (1.05-1.43) | | Everyday | 2.06 (1.71-2.48) | 1.03 (0.83-1.28) | | Opioid use | | | | No | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Low potency | 1.82 (1.60-2.09) | 1.21 (1.05-1.41) | | High potency | 1.62 (1.35-1.93) | 1.08 (0.89-1.32) | | NSAID use | | | | No | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Yes | 2.02 (1.81-2.25) | 1.32 (1.17-1.50) | | Employment | | | | Working | 1.00 | | | Not working | 0.95 (0.85-1.07) | | | Permanently unable/ill | 0.78 (0.64-0.94) | | | Socioeconomic index | | | | SEIFA 1 lowest | 1.00 | | | SEIFA 2 | 1.09 (0.90-1.33) | | | SEIFA 3 | 1.12 (0.92-1.36) | | | SEIFA 4 | 1.20 (0.99-1.44) | | | SEIFA 5 highest | 1.27 (1.05-1.53) | | | Current bDMARD | | | | No | 1.00 | | | Yes | 1.11 (1.00-1.24) | | | Quality of life (AQoL)b | 1.37 (1.10-1.71) | | | Quality of life (EQ-5D)b | 1.56 (1.27-1.91) | | | Physical health (SF-36)c | 1.00 (1.00-1.01) | | | Mental health (SF-36)c | 1.00 (1.00-1.01) | | | Pain past weekc | 1.00 (1.00-1.00) | | | Overall arthritis activity past weekc | 1.00 (1.00-1.00) | |
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HAQ: Health Assessment Questionnaire; AQoL: Assessment of Quality of Life; EQ-5D (UK): European Quality of Life; SF-36 PCS: Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form—physical component score; SF-36 MCS: Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form—mental component score; SEIFA: Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas; NSAID: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; b/tsDMARD: biologic/targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug. aRange 0–3, where higher scores indicate greater functional impairment. bRange 0–1, where higher scores indicate lower quality of life. cRange 0–100, where higher scores indicate greater impairment.
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