Review Article

A Review of Primary Vasculitis Mimickers Based on the Chapel Hill Consensus Classification

Table 4

Conditions that mimic SVV.

Isolated skin vasculitis mimics
 Purpuric lesions
  Drug eruptions, erythema multiforme, arthropod bites, infectious emboli (endocarditis), pigmented purpura, cellulitis, viral exanthems, hemorrhagic lesions, scurvy, antiphospholipid syndrome, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, warfarin necrosis, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, amyloidosis
 Urticarial lesions
  Urticaria, arthropod bites, serum sickness-like eruption, autoinflammatory diseases, Sweet’s syndrome, viral exanthems, Schnitzler’s syndrome
 Nodular lesions
  Panniculitis, granulomatous diseases, cutaneous neoplasm, superficial phlebitis
 Ulcers
  Venous hypertension, peripheral artery disease, pyoderma gangrenosum, calciphylaxis, hypercoagulable diseases, livedoid vasculopathy, chronic infections, hemoglobinopathies
 Livedo reticularis
  Paraproteinemia, livedoid vasculopathy, purpura fulminans, hypercoagulable diseases, thrombotic microangiopathies
Pulmonary-renal syndrome mimics
 Infectious disease mimics
  Severe bacterial pneumonia, postinfectious glomerulonephritis, infective endocarditis, sepsis with multiorgan failure (ARDS and AKI)
 Cardiac mimics
  Pulmonary edema with cardiorenal AKI
 Renal mimics
  Nephrotic syndrome with pulmonary emboli, microangiopathic diseases
 Connective tissue diseases
  Systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed connective tissue disease, systemic sclerosis with scleroderma renal crisis
 Antiphospholipid syndrome
Asthma and eosinophilia (EGPA mimics)
 Infectious diseases
  Toxocariasis, HIV, Aspergillus spp.
 Hematological diseases
  Hypereosinophilic syndrome, eosinophilic leukemia, systemic mastocytosis, chronic myeloid leukemia
 Paraneoplastic syndrome
  Lung cancer, cervical cancer, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, non-Hodgkin’s T-cell lymphoma
 Pulmonary diseases
  Hypereosinophilic asthma, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, idiopathic eosinophilic pneumonia
Midline destructive lesions (ENT limited GPA mimics)
 Cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions
 Necrotizing sinonasal infections
  Usual ENT bacteria, mycobacteria, syphilis, fungal, parasitic
 Neoplastic
  NK/T-cell lymphoma
 Inflammatory
  Sarcoidosis, IgG4-related disease
 Idiopathic midline destructive disease