Wake Turbulence Structure Downstream of a Cambered Airfoil in Transonic Flow: Effects of Surface Roughness and Freestream Turbulence Intensity

Zhang, Qiang; Ligrani, Phillip M.

doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/IJRM/2006/60234

International Journal of Rotating Machinery

On this page

Abstract References Copyright Related Articles

Open Access

Volume 2006 | Article ID 060234 | https://doi.org/10.1155/IJRM/2006/60234

Wake Turbulence Structure Downstream of a Cambered Airfoil in Transonic Flow: Effects of Surface Roughness and Freestream Turbulence Intensity

Qiang Zhang¹and Phillip M. Ligrani¹

Received03 Apr 2006

Revised18 Jul 2006

Accepted20 Jul 2006

Published23 Oct 2006

Abstract

The wake turbulence structure of a cambered airfoil is studied experimentally, including the effects of surface roughness, at different freestream turbulence levels in a transonic flow. As the level of surface roughness increases, all wake profile quantities broaden significantly and nondimensional vortex shedding frequencies decrease. Freestream turbulence has little effect on the wake velocity profiles, turbulence structure, and vortex shedding frequency, especially downstream of airfoils with rough surfaces. Compared with data from a symmetric airfoil, wake profiles produced by the cambered airfoils also have significant dependence on surface roughness, but are less sensitive to variations of freestream turbulence intensity. The cambered airfoil also produces larger streamwise velocity deficits, and broader wakes compared to the symmetric airfoil.

References

J. H. Gerrard, “The mechanics of the formation region of vortices behind bluff bodies,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics Digital Archive, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 401–413, 1966.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. E. Perry, M. S. Chong, and T. T. Lim, “The vortex-shedding process behind two-dimensional bluff bodies,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol. 116, pp. 77–90, 1982.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
B. Cantwell and D. Coles, “Experimental study of entrainment and transport in the turbulent near wake of a circular cylinder,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol. 136, pp. 321–374, 1983.
View at: Google Scholar
H. Makita and K. Sassa, “Visualization and measurement of the wakes of two dimensional bodies in the strong turbulence,” in Turbulence Measurements and Flow Modeling, C. J. Chen, L. D. Chen, and F. M. Holly, Eds., pp. 1–137, Hemisphere, Washington, DC, USA, 1986.
View at: Google Scholar
J. M. Cimbala and M. V. Krein, “Effect of freestream conditions on the far wake of a circular cylinder,” AIAA journal, vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 1369–1373, 1990.
View at: Google Scholar
Y. Zhou and R. A. Antonia, “Effect of initial conditions on vortices in a turbulent near wake,” AIAA journal, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 1207–1213, 1994.
View at: Google Scholar
L. Ong and J. Wallace, “Velocity field of the turbulent very near wake of a circular cylinder,” Experiments in Fluids, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 441–453, 1996.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
Q. Zhang, S. W. Lee, and P. M. Ligrani, “Effects of surface roughness and freestream turbulence on the wake turbulence structure of a symmetric airfoil,” Physics of Fluids, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 2044–2053, 2004.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
G. S. Cambell, “Turbulence in the wake of a thin airfoil at low speeds,” Technical memorandum 1427, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), Washington, DC, USA, 1957.
View at: Google Scholar
C. Hah and B. Lakshminarayana, “Measurement and prediction of mean velocity and turbulence structure in the near wake of an airfoil,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol. 115, pp. 251–282, 1982.
View at: Google Scholar
L. S. Han and W. R. Cox, “Visual study of turbine blade pressure-side boundary layers,” Journal of Engineering for Power: Transactions of the ASME, vol. 105, no. 1, pp. 47–52, 1983.
View at: Google Scholar
C. H. Sieverding and H. Heinemann, “Influence of boundary layer state on vortex shedding from flat plates and turbine cascades,” in American Society of Mechanical Engineers (Paper), Toronto. Ontario, Canada, June 1989, ASME paper GT296.
View at: Google Scholar
C. H. Sieverding, G. Cicatelli, J. M. Desse, M. Meinke, and P. Zunino, “Experimental and numerical investigation of time varying wakes behind turbine blades,” in Results of the Industrial and Material Technology Aeronautics Research Preject AER2-CT92-0048, 1992–1996, vol. 67 of Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics, Geronimo GmbH, Rosenheim, Germany, 1999.
View at: Google Scholar
C. H. Sieverding, D. Ottolia, C. Bagnera, A. Comadoro, J.-F. Brouckaert, and J.-M. Desse, “Unsteady turbine blade wake characteristics,” Journal of Turbomachinery: Transactions of the ASME, vol. 126, no. 4, pp. 551–559, 2004.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
Q. Zhang and P. M. Ligrani, “Mach number/surface roughness effects on symmetric transonic turbine airfoil aerodynamic losses,” AIAA Journal of Propulsion and Power, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 1117–1125, 2004.
View at: Google Scholar
D. J. Jackson, K. L. Lee, P. M. Ligrani, and P. D. Johnson, “Transonic aerodynamic losses due to turbine airfoil, suction surface film cooling,” Journal of Turbomachinery: Transactions of the ASME, vol. 122, no. 2, pp. 317–326, 2000.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
T. Furukawa and P. M. Ligrani, “Transonic film cooling effectiveness from shaped holes on a simulated turbine airfoil,” AIAA Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 228–237, 2002.
View at: Google Scholar
J. A. van Rij, B. J. Belnap, and P. M. Ligrani, “Analysis and experiments on three-dimensional, irregular surface roughness,” Journal of Fluids Engineering: Transactions of the ASME, vol. 124, no. 3, pp. 671–677, 2002.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
K. Bammert and H. Sandstede, “Influences of manufacturing tolerances and surface roughness of blades on the performance of turbines,” American Society of Mechanical Engineers (Paper), no. 75-GT-35, pp. 1–8, 1975.
View at: Google Scholar
K. Bammert and H. Sandstede, “Measurements on the boundry layer development along a turbine blade with rough surfaces,” Journal of Engineering for Power: Transactions of the ASME, vol. 102, no. 4, pp. 978–983, 1980.
View at: Google Scholar
R. J. Kind, P. J. Serjak, and M. W. P. Abbott, “Measurements and prediction of the effects of surface roughness on profile losses and deviation in a turbine cascade,” in Proceedings of the International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress & Exhibition, pp. 1–10, Burmingham, UK, June 1996, ASME paper 95-GT-203.
View at: Google Scholar
D. G. Bogard, D. L. Schmidt, and M. Tabbita, “Characterization and laboratory simulation of turbine airfoil surface roughness and associated heat transfer,” Journal of Turbomachinery: Transactions of the ASME, vol. 120, no. 2, pp. 337–342, 1998.
View at: Google Scholar
N. Abuaf, R. S. Bunker, and C. P. Lee, “Effects of surface roughness on heat transfer and aerodynamic performance of turbine airfoils,” Journal of Turbomachinery: Transactions of the ASME, vol. 120, no. 3, pp. 522–529, 1998.
View at: Google Scholar
R. Leipold, M. Boese, and L. Fottner, “The influence of technical surface roughness caused by precision forging on the flow around a highly loaded compressor cascade,” Journal of Turbomachinery: Transactions of the ASME, vol. 122, no. 3, pp. 416–425, 2000.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
F. Hummel, M. Lötzerich, P. Cardamone, and L. Fottner, “Surface roughness effects on turbine blade aerodynamics,” Journal of Turbomachinery: Transactions of the ASME, vol. 127, no. 3, pp. 453–461, 2005.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
R. J. Boyle and R. G. Senyitko, “Measurements and predictions of surface roughness effects on turbine vane aerodynamics,” in Proceedings of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, International Gas Turbine Institute, Turbo Expo (IGTI '03), vol. 6, pp. 291–303, Atlanta, Ga, USA, June 2003, ASME paper GT-2003-38580.
View at: Google Scholar

Copyright

Copyright © 2006 Qiang Zhang and Phillip M. Ligrani. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

PDF Download Citation Order printed copies

Views

424

Downloads

1596

Citations