Characterization of Hydraulic Power in Free-Stream Installations

Figure 9

Conceptual schematic to describe the ducting of an actuator device. A duct can be used either to reduce the size of the actuator for a given frontal surface (case 1, left) or to increase the frontal area of a machine with an existing actuator (case 2, right). Both processes are described mathematically by reducing the value of parameter below 1.