The Role of Metformin in Metabolic Disturbances during Pregnancy: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Table 1

Diagnostic criteria for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

	Clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism	Oligo/anovulation	US finding of polycystic ovaries^*
NIH, 1990; BOTH of the following:	+	+
ESHARE/ASRM, 2003; ONLY 2 of the following:	+	+	+
AES, 2006; ALL 3 of the following:	+	+	+

NIH = National Institute of Health of the United States; ESHRE = European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology; ASRM = American Society of Reproductive Medicine; AES = Androgen Excess and PCOS Society.
All sets of criteria require the exclusion of other etiologies such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia, androgen-secreting neoplasms, and Cushing’s syndrome, among others.
^*Ultrasound polycystic ovaries defined as the presence of ≥12 follicles of 2–9 mm width; or an increase in ovarian volume (>10 mL) in at least one ovary, in women not consuming oral contraceptives.