Menstrual Hygiene Management and School Absenteeism among Adolescents in Ghana: Results from a School-Based Cross-Sectional Study in a Rural Community
Table 3
Association of sociodemographic factors and menstrual hygiene management of adolescent schoolgirls.
Characteristics
Good (%) MHM
Poor (%) MHM
Crude odds ratio (95% CI)
value1
Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)
value1
Age group (years)
10-13
10 (62.50)
6 (37.50)
0.97 (0.33, 2.90)
0.006
0.72 (0.21, 2.44)
14-16
57 (41.61)
80 (58.39)
2.28 (1.34, 3.88)
2.61 (1.49, 4.55)
17-19
60 (61.86)
37 (38.14)
1
1
Age at menarche
10-13
63 (48.09)
68 (51.91)
1.26 (0.76, 2.07)
0.369
14-17
64 (53.78)
55 (46.22)
1
Father’s occupation
Other2
19 (35.19)
35 (64.81)
1
0.018
1
0.005
Farmer
84 (53.16)
74 (46.84)
0.48 (0.25, 0.91)
0.42 (0.21, 0.82)
Unemployed
24 (63.16)
14 (36.84)
0.32 (0.13, 0.75)
0.24 (0.10, 0.61)
Mother’s occupation
Other2
20 (46.51)
23 (53.49)
1
0.151
Farmer
34 (48.57)
36 (51.43)
0.92 (0.43, 1.97)
Trader
37 (63.79)
21 (36.21)
0.49 (0.22, 1.10)
Unemployed
36 (45.57)
43 (54.43)
1.04 (0.49, 2.19)
Have television/radio
Yes
70 (53.03)
62 (46.97)
1
No
57 (48.31)
61 (51.69)
1.21 (0.73, 1.99)
0.456
Earn money for yourself
Yes
37 (56.06)
29 (43.94)
1
No
90 (48.91)
94 (51.09)
1.33 (0.76, 2.35)
0.319
Receive regular money for menstrual care products
Yes
61 (58.65)
43 (41.35)
1
1
No
66 (45.52)
79 (54.48)
1.70 (1.02, 2.83)
0.041
1.81 (1.06, 3.09)
0.028
MHM = menstrual hygiene management; CI = confidence interval. 2Others include tailor, formal sector employee, daily labourer, butcher, imam, and mason. 1 values are from the likelihood ratio test.
