Intimate Partner Violence in Pregnancy: Knowledge and Experiences of Pregnant Women and Controlling Behavior of Male Partners in Sokoto, Northwest Nigeria

Table 5

Factors associated with IPV during pregnancy.

Variables	Ever experienced IPV during pregnancy?		Test statistic
	Yes	No
Age (years)
<20 years	0 (0)	13 (100)
20-29 years	47 (38.2)	76 (61.8)
30-39 years	32 (26.2)	90 (73.8)
40-49 years	0 (0)	2 (100)
Tribe
Hausa	25 (14.8)	144 (85.2)
Yoruba	31 (62.0)	19 (38.0)
Igbo	6 (28.6)	15 (71.4)
Fulani	17 (85.0)	3 (15.0)
Religion
Islam	39 (19.7)	159 (80.3)
Christianity	39 (63.9)	22 (36.1)
Others	1 (100)	0 (0)
Place of residence
Urban	40 (21.1)	150 (78.9)
Rural	39 (55.7)	31 (44.3)
Wife’s SEC
Upper class	5 (5.2)	91 (94.8)
Middle class	15 (36.6)	26 (63.4)
Lower class	59 (48.0)	64 (52.0)
Husband/partner’s SEC
Upper class	36 (21.2)	134 (78.8)
Middle class	25 (47.2)	28 (52.8)
Lower class	18 (48.6)	19 (51.4)
Parity
Primi	5 (14.3)	30 (85.7)
Multipara	58 (32.4)	121 (67.6)
Grand multipara	16 (34.8)	30 (65.2)
Length of relationship
1-5 years	19 (26.4)	53 (73.6)
6-10 years	46 (35.9)	82 (64.1)
>10 years	14 (23.3)	46 (76.7)
Witnessed IPV during your childhood?
Yes	30 (88.2)	4 (11.2)
No	49 (21.7)	177 (78.3)
Who chose your partner for you?
Parents	16 (34.8)	30 (65.2)
Myself	63 (29.4)	151 (70.6)
Who takes the most important decision for your family?
My partner	16 (100)	0 (0)
Both of us	58 (24.3)	181 (75.7)
In-laws	5 (100)	0 (0)
Do you consume alcohol?
Yes	8 (88.9)	1 (11.1)
No	71 (28.3)	180 (71.7)
Does your partner consume alcohol?
Yes	41 (95.3)	2 (4.7)
No	38 (17.5)	179 (82.5)
Do you use illicit drugs/substances?
Yes	29 (96.7)	1 (3.3)
No	49 (21.4)	180 (78.6)
Does your partner use illicit drugs/substances?
Yes	6 (85.7)	1 (14.3)
No	73 (28.9)	180 (71.1)
Is your partner very jealous?
Yes	75 (32.5)	156 (67.5)
No	4 (14.3)	24 (85.7)
Knowledge of IPV
Good knowledge	2 (100)	0 (0)
Poor knowledge	76 (29.7)	180 (70.3)	(Exact)