Minimally Invasive Surgery for Colorectal Cancer: Past, Present, and Future

Table 1

Short-term and long-term outcomes of large-scale randomized controlled trials for laparoscopic colectomy compared to open colectomy for colon cancer.

	COST	CLASICC	COLOR	Barcelona	Braga	Milsom	Liang
	[5, 20, 28]	[6, 22, 32]	[4, 26]	[7, 23]	[21, 33]	[25]	[24]
Return of bowel function		=	↓	↓	↓	↓	↓
Pain score						↓	↓
Narcotic use	↓		↓			↓
Length of stay	↓	↓	↓	↓	↓	=
OR time	↑	↑	↑	↑	↑	↑	↑
EBL			↓	↓	↓	=	↓
LN yield	=	=	=	=	=	=	=
Circumferential margin +		=	=
Postoperative morbidity	=	=	=	↓	↓	=	=
Postoperative mortality	=	=	=	=	↓	=
Quality of life	=	=			↑
Overall survival	=	=	=	=	=
Disease-free survival	=	=	=	=	=
Local recurrence	=	=	=				=
Distant recurrence	=	=	=	=			=
Wound/port recurrence	=	=	=	=	=	=	=

OR: operating room; EBL: estimated blood loss; LN: lymph node. Each outcome recorded is compared to open controls. ↑ or ↓ represents a statistically significant difference related to the outcome; otherwise, = represents no statistical difference.