Clinical Effectiveness, Access to, and Satisfaction with Care Using a Telehomecare Substitution Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 2

Sociodemographic and baseline clinical characteristics of ITT subjects by treatment group.

Variable	Telemed (𝑁=101)			Control (𝑁=116)			𝑃-value^1
	𝑛	%		𝑛	%
Gender
Male	36	35.6		39	33.6		0.755
Female	65	64.4		77	66.4
Ethnic Group
Hispanic or Latino	0	0		2	1.7		0.185
Not Hispanic or Latino	101	100		114	98.3
Race
white	33	32.7		39	33.6		0.727
black or AA	66	65.3		75	64.7
Asian	0	0		1	0.9
Native Hawaiian or other pac. islander	0	0		0	0
Am. Indian/Alaska native	1	1		1	0.9
no response	1	1		0	0
Marital Status
Married	28	27.7		28	24.3		0.315
Widowed	35	34.7		51	44.3
Separated	7	6.9		3	2.6
Divorced	17	16.8		14	12.2
Single	14	13.9		19	16.5
Education
Grades 1–4	1	1		0	0		0.770
Grades 5–8	9	8.9		11	9.6
High school incomplete	21	20.8		27	23.5
High school complete	49	48.5		43	37.4
Post HS/Bus or trde school	3	3		4	3.5
1–3 years college	8	7.9		15	13
College completed	5	5		7	6.1
Post graduate college	4	4		7	6.1
No response	1	1		1	0.9
Work history
Full-time	0	0		0	0		0.282
Part-time	3	3		1	0.9
Retired, not working	68	69.3		72	62.6
Retired, BUT working	5	5		4	3.5
Retired on disability	20	19.8		22	19.1
Unemployed	4	4		12	10.4
Never employed	0	0		3	2.6
No response	1	1		1	0.9
Income
Less than $5,000	6	6		9	7.8		0.969
$5,000–$9,999	18	18		15	13
$10,000–19,999	16	16		19	16.5
$20,000–$39,999	14	14		15	13
$40,000-or More	9	9		11	9.6
Don’t know	20	20		26	22.6
No response	17	17		20	17.4
Self-rate overall health at baseline
Excellent	2	2		2	1.7		0.085
Very good	3	3		16	13.9
Good	22	21.8		22	19.1
Fair	47	46.5		50	43.5
Poor	27	26.7		25	21.7
Who lives with patient
Spouse	23	22.8		26	22.6		0.905
Other relative	39	38.6		47	40.9
Friend	4	4		2	1.7
Other	1	1		1	0.9
No one	34	33.7		39	33.9
Avail. Of Primary Caregiver
No	6	5.9		8	7		0.096
Yes	87	86.1		103	89.6
Don’t know	8	7.9		2	1.7
No response	0	0		2	1.7
# of overnight hosp. in past 12 months
Not at all	8	7.9		7	6.1		0.935
One time	24	23.8		29	25.2
Two or three	36	35.6		39	33.9
More than three times	33	32.7		40	34.8
# of physician or clinic visits past 12 months
Not at all	2	2		4	3.5		0.331
once	3	3		0	0
2-3 times	8	7.8		9	7.8
4–6 times	31	30.7		30	26.1
more than 6 times	57	56.4		72	62.6
Severity of illness from home care OASIS
Asymptomatic, no treatment needed at this time	0	0		0	0		0.114
Symptoms well controlled with current therapy	0	0		2	1.8
Symptoms controlled with difficulty, affecting  daily functioning; patient needs ongoing monitoring	52	51.5		72	63.2
Symptoms poorly controlled; patient needs frequent  adjustment in treatment and dose monitoring	40	39.6		30	26.3
Symptoms poorly controlled; history of  re-hospitalizations	9	8.9		10	8.8
Variable	𝑁	mean	SD	𝑁	mean	SD	𝑃-value^2
Age (yrs.)	101	71.3	10.2	116	73.5	9.6	0.092
CHF (months)	101	60.7	67.7	115	61.5	71.6	0.935
# Concomitant Medications	95	11.3	4.6	113	10.0	3.4	0.020
# Comorbid Conditions	101	6.8	4.0	116	6.0	4.0	0.145

Notes: ¹Chi-square test ²𝑇-Test, one patient in the control group had an incomplete baseline interview and medication counts were unobtainable for nine patients enrolled from hospitals outside the health system.