Review Article

Diagnosis-Based Hybridization of Multimedical Tests and Sociodemographic Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Techniques: A Systematic Review

Table 2

ML methods and evaluation metrics results extracted from the literature.

Ref.Methods usedEvaluation performance metrics
AccuracySpecificitySensitivity/recallF1AUCPrecisionTPRFPR

[16]SVM98.110.95740.8888
NB96.220.936100.9696
CNN99.531.00.9757
LR96.690.95750.9696
KNN95.750.91480.9696
ANN97.640.97870.9757
[59]Decision tree91.10.710.91
[48]SVM100%
NB97.017%
Decision table100%
[19]Decision tree, ,
AD Tree, , ,
CDT, , ,
J48, , ,
LAD Tree, , ,
[62]DENN0.990.990.99
NN0.940.940.94
RF0.920.910.91
SVM0.730.730.73
Gradient boosting0.850.850.85
[4]SVM0.830.880.880.880.89
NB0.890.840.910.911.0
RF0.931.00.960.960.92
KNN0.980.970.990.991.0
[1]J4898.440.9840.9840.984
LMT98.440.9840.9840.984
DS97.820.9780.9770.979
REP Tree97.660.9770.9760.977
NP Tree97.980.9800.9790.980
[53]DT, , Overall % Overall %
NB, , Overall % Overall %
KNN, , Overall % Overall %
RT, , Overall % Overall %
Deep learning, , Overall % Overall %
[61]LDA0.90800.86670.95240.90910.8696
KNN0.88510.80000.97620.89130.8200
[63]RF0.95710.98210.8571
[47]DNN86.96, ,
OVR-SVM56.52, ,
CART60.87, ,
[46]LR0.970.970.97
[57]DT, , , , , , , , , ,
RF, , , , , , , , , ,
RF (hyperparameter), , , , , , , , , ,
LR, , , , , , , , , ,
SVM, , , , , , , , , ,
ANN, , , , , , , , , ,
[64]DNN, , ,
SVM, N/AN/A
[15]ANN, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
RNN, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
DT, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
ELM, , , adult = 0.9190, , , , , , , , , , , ,
GB, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
KNN, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
LR, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
MLP, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
NB, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
RF, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
SVM, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
XGB, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
[54]KNN67.5564
LR72.0238
SVM70.5952
LDA72.2024
NB70.7769
Classification and regression tree69.1667
[60]WOEM999898
SLFN(ELM)969696
SVM9496.596.5
ANN909595
KNN959797
[55]DT, , , , , , 0
LDA, , , , , , , ,
LR, , , , , , , ,
SVM, , , , , , , ,
KNN, , , , , , , ,
[44]RF, , , , , ,
LR, , , , , ,
NB, , , , , ,
MCR with average of probabilities, , , , , ,
MCR with majority voting, , , , , ,
[5]J48, , , , , , , ,
RF, , , , , , , , ,
Bayes, , , , , , , , ,
Adaboost, , , , , , , , ,
PART, , , , , , , , ,
ANN, , , , , , , , ,
SVM, , , , , , , , ,
AttSelclasss, , , , , , , , ,
[42]FARF (combined Firefly-Random Forest)94.3235.10
RF90.7834.09
[45]ANN8383.5848583
SVM9186.5868686
IANFIS9890919289
[56]SVM-NP95.5470.9400.9560.973
SVM-PK1001.001.001.00
SVM-PUK1001.001.001.00
SVM-RBF99.3150.9930.9930.993
[58]SVM, ,
Active pruning rules (APR), ,
RKFNN, ,
[65]BFNNRELU, , , , , , , ,
ANFAND, , , , , , , ,
SVM, , , , , , , ,
MLP, , , , , , , ,
NB, , , , , , , ,
C4.5, , , , , , , ,
RNT, , , , , , , ,
[40]MCFM0.8420.843
SVM0.8330.833
RF0.8510.852
NB0.8650.865

FM: family medical history; SM: subject medical history.