Leukocyte Counts, Myeloperoxidase, and Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A as Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Disease: Towards a Multi-Biomarker Approach
Table 1
Baseline patient characteristics per study group.
SAP
UAP
AMI
CON
-value
Total participants
30
30
30
30
Age (mean years SD)
63.6 (10.5)
65.3 (13.0)
59.5 (12.6)
65.0 (9.5)
NS
Male (%)
28 (93.3)
16 (55.1)
24 (80.0)
19 (63.3)
.004
Smoking (%)
7 (23.3)
5 (16.7)
13 (43.3)
4 (13.3)
.034
Exercise (%)
14 (46.7)
15 (50.0)
8 (26.7)
22 (73.3)
.004
Alcohol use (U/day SD)
0.7 (1.3)
0.4 (0.7)
0.5 (0.9)
1.3 (1.1)
NS
Family history for CVD (%)
26 (86.7)
18 (60.0)
14 (46.7)
19 (63.3)
.013
Diabetes (%)
3 (10.0)
7 (23.3)
1 (3.3)
3 (10.0)
NS
Beta-blocker use (%)
30 (100.0)
15 (50.0)
12 (40.0)
5 (16.7)
Statin use (%)
26 (86.7)
18 (60.0)
12 (40.0)
6 (20.0)
Aspirin use (%)
13 (43.3)
14 (46.7)
12 (40.0)
1 (3.3)
.001
Antidiabetica use (%)
2 (6.7)
5 (16.7)
1 (3.3)
3 (10.0)
NS
Cholesterol level (mmol/L SD)
4.2 (1.0)
4.7 (1.3)
5.5 (1.1)
5.6 (1.3)
HDL-C (mmol/L SD)
1.1 (0.2)
1.0 (0.2)
1.0 (0.2)
1.2 (0.4)
NS
LDL-C (mmol/L SD)
2.1 (1.0)
3.0 (1.1)
3.9 (1.0)
3.6 (1.1)
ALT (IU/L SD)
34 (17)
31 (19)
37 (22)
26 (29)
NS
AST (IU/L SD)
26 (13)
30 (16)
99 (139)
22 (11)
NS
Renal clearance (mL/min SD)
85.8 (29.7)
83.7 (28.2)
93.2 (20.1)
83.7 (26.4)
NS
Systolic BP (mmHg SD)
131.0 (14.8)
141.3 (22.0)
129.7 (30.0)
132.2 (15.6)
NS
Diastolic BP (mmHg SD)
76.6 (7.9)
77.5 (15.3)
73.8 (15.4)
82.8 (8.6)
.001
Body mass index (kg/m2 SD)
26.4 (3.7)
25.8 (2.9)
27.1 (3.5)
26.4 (3.9)
NS
Troponin-T (g/L SD)
0.00 (0.00)
0.21 (0.13)
2.08 (0.73)
0.00 (0.00)
.003
Creatine kinase (U/L)
154.0 (107.5)
148.3 (141.3)
639.6 (913.8)
116.1 (47.4)
Exercise is defined as a significant rise in heart rate for more than 30 minutes and at least once a week. Abbreviations: (NS) nonsignificant parameters, standard deviation (SD), units (U), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and blood pressure (BP).
