Review Article
Caffeine's Vascular Mechanisms of Action
Table 1
Summary of the vascular effects of caffeine.
| Structure | Type of effect | Effect | Reference |
| Endothelium | Direct | Activates the ryanodine channels in the ER | Zucchi,1997 [27] | Endo, 1977 [28] |
| VSMC | Direct | Activates the ryanodine channels in the ER | Karaki, 1988 [29] | Activates the nonselective channel for cations | Guerrero, 1994 [30] | Inhibits the cAMP phosphodiesterase | Butcher, 1963 [31]; Ahn, 1988 [32] | Hatano, 1995 [33] | Inhibits the IP3 receptor | Missiaen, 1994 [34] | Inhibits MLC kniase | Ozaki, 1990 [35] | Increases “noncontractile” Ca2+ | Rembold, 1995 [36] | Inhibits voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels | Martin, 1989 [37]; Hughes, 1990 [38] | Blocks adenosine receptors | Sattin, 1970 [39] |
| VSMC | Indirect | Increases the production of nitric oxide | Hatano, 1995 [33]; Umemura, 2006 [40] | Increases the production of renin | Tofovic, 1996 [41]; Jackson, 1991 [42] | Stimulates the sympathetic system | Corti, 2002 [43]; Robertson, 1978 [44] |
|
|
VSMC: vascular smooth muscle cell, ER: endoplasmic reticulum, Ca2+: calcium, and MLC: myosin light chain.
|