Review Article
Varicose Veins: Role of Mechanotransduction of Venous Hypertension
Table 1
The CEAP classification.
| | Clinical classification () |
| |
C0 | No visible or palpable signs of venous disease | |
C1 | Telengiectases and/or reticular veins | |
C2 | Varicose veins | |
C3 | Edema | | Pigmentation and/or eczema | | Lipodermatosclerosis and/or atrophie blanche | |
C5 | Healed ulcer | |
C6 | Active ulcer | | Symptoms, including ache, pain, tightness, skin irritation, heaviness, muscle cramps | | Asymptomatic |
| | Etiologic classification () |
| | Congenital (Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome) | | Primary | | Secondary (post-thrombotic syndrome, trauma) | | No venous cause identified |
| | Anatomic classification () |
| | Superficial | | Deep | | Perforator | | No venous location identified |
| | Pathophysiologic classification () |
| | Reflux | | Obstruction, thrombosis | | Reflux and obstruction | | No venous pathophysiology identified |
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