Elevated Serum C-Reactive Protein and Markers of Sleep Disordered Breathing

Table 4

Association between sleep variables and C-reactive protein levels > 1 mg/dL, by race/ethnicity.

Sleep summary score	Sample Size (hypertension %)	Age-, sex-adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)	Multivariable-model 1^∗ odds ratio (95% CI)	Multivariable-model 2^† odds ratio (95% CI)
Non-Hispanic Whites
0	73 (5.55%)	1 (referent)	1 (referent)	1 (referent)
1	97 (7.87%)	1.59 (1.04–2.44)	1.54 (1.00–2.34)	1.23 (0.81–1.88)
2	71 (11.91%)	2.63 (1.80–3.85)	2.48 (1.66–3.68)	1.76 (1.14–2.72)
≥3	25 (14.09%)	3.24 (1.96–5.36)	2.79 (1.64–4.73)	1.62 (0.93–2.81)
P-trend		<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0173
Non-Hispanic Blacks
0	48 (10.30%)	1 (referent)	1 (referent)	1 (referent)
1	62 (13.24%)	1.35 (0.82–2.22)	1.37 (0.82–2.28)	1.05 (0.61–1.80)
2	42 (14.02%)	1.52 (0.97–2.38)	1.55 (0.97–2.48)	0.96 (0.59–1.55)
≥3	10 (10.11%)	1.03 (0.42–2.49)	1.05 (0.43–2.56)	0.68 (0.29–1.60)
P-trend		0.2474	0.2032	0.4552
Mexican Americans and others
0	32 (7.52%)	1 (referent)	1 (referent)	1 (referent)
1	53 (10.13%)	1.48 (1.00–2.18)	1.48 (0.98–2.22)	1.17 (0.75–1.83)
2	22 (10.42%)	1.58 (0.91–2.74)	1.53 (0.88–2.67)	1.17(0.64–2.13)
≥3	12 (24.46%)	4.40 (2.65–7.31)	4.21 (2.56–6.90)	2.96 (1.83–4.79)
P-trend	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0047

*Model 1: adjusted for age (years), gender (male, female), education (below high school, high school, and above high school), smoking (never smoker, former smoker, and current smoker) and alcohol intake (absent, present).
^†Model 2: adjusted for age (years), gender (male, female), education (below high school, high school, and above high school), smoking (never smoker, former smoker, and current smoker), alcohol intake (absent, present), physical activity (moderate physical activity), body mass index (obese, nonobese), depression (absent, present), diabetes (absent, present), and total cholesterol (mg/dL).