Endothelial Dysfunction and Diabetes: Effects on Angiogenesis, Vascular Remodeling, and Wound Healing

Figure 2

Hyperglycemic effects on the blood vessel. Atherosclerotic plaque formation initiated through uptake of LDL from blood by endothelial cells. Foam cells produce proinflammatory cytokines that are released into the lumen of blood vessel (far right). Increased ROS production through iNOS leads to increased ROS generation. Steps involved in leukocyte adhesion and migration (bottom left). Increased glucose leads to decreased L-arginine and BH4, which leads to decreased NO production in endothelial cells. All of these factors are proinflammatory and atherogenic.