Impact of Modified Transesophageal Echocardiography on Mortality and Stroke after Cardiac Surgery: A Large Cohort Study

Table 2

Baseline characteristics comparing patients with and without perioperative screening with modified TEE. BMI = body mass index, DM = diabetes mellitus, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, TIA = transient ischemic attack, PTCA = percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, and LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction.

	Modified TEE; ( = 1,391)	Nonmodified TEE; ( = 7,214)
Age	71 (65–78)	68 (61–75)	<0.001
Female sex	431 (31.0)	2,023 (28.0)	0.026
BMI	27.0 (24.9–30.0)	27.0 (25.0–30.0)	0.38
History of
Hypertension	867 (62.3)	3,490 (48.4)	<0.001
DM	365 (26.2)	1,629 (22.6)	0.003
Peripheral atherosclerosis	264 (19.0)	651 (9.0)	<0.001
TIA or stroke	192 (13.8)	545 (7.6)	<0.001
COPD	255 (18.4)	1015 (14.1)	<0.001
Myocardial Infarction	411 (29.5)	2,028 (28.1)	0.27
PTCA	242 (17.4)	1,064 (14.7)	0.012
Cardiothoracic surgery	109 (7.8)	405 (5.6)	0.001
Instable angina	80 (5.8)	350 (4.9)	0.16
LVEF
>50%	870 (62.5)	4,725 (61.2)	0.069
30–50%	406 (29.2)	1,976 (31.3)
<30%	115 (8.2)	508 (7.0)
Preoperative creatinin	87 (75–103)	85 (73–100)	<0.001
Logistic EuroSCORE	5.9 (2.9–12.5)	4.0 (2.1–8.2)	<0.001