Circulating Angiogenic Growth Factors in Diabetes Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease and Exertional Leg Pain in Ghana
Table 1
General characteristics of study participants by diabetes status.
All participants ()
T2DM ()
Non-DM ()
Females, (%)
125 (50)
63 (45)
62 (56.4)
0.15
Age, yrs
0.54
Weight, kg
0.672
Height, cm
0.061
BMI, kg/m2
0.571
Waist circumference, cm
0.073
Waist-hip ratio
0.382
Systolic BP, mmHg
0.174
Diastolic BP, mmHg
0.594
Pulse BP, mmHg
0.485
Heart rate, bpm
<0.01
FPG, mmol/l
<0.01
2 h PPG, mmol/l
Triglycerides, mmol/l
0.586
Total cholesterol, mmol/l
<0.001
HDL cholesterol, mmol/l
0.025
LDL cholesterol, mmol/l
<0.001
Serum creatinine mg/dl
eGFR ml/min/1.73 m2
82.4 (73.1–104.9)
70.8 (51.4–82.1)
105.9 (76.2–118.7)
<0.001
Low eGFR, (%)
43 (17.2)
34 (24.3)
9 (8.2)
0.001
Angiopoietin 1, ng/ml
38.2 (25.7–47.9)
36.1 (24.7–42.1)
41.1 (30–57.3)
0.01
Angiopoietin 2, pg/ml
740 (392–1107)
838 (473–1241)
597 (274–1005)
0.018
VEGF-A, pg/ml
63.2 (21.2–157.8)
72.2 (28–201.8)
48.4 (17.4–110.1)
0.025
VPT, mV
<0.001
Right ABI
0.135
Left ABI
0.132
Right leg PAD
36 (14.4)
29 (20.7)
7 (6.4)
<0.001
Left leg PAD
26 (10.4)
21 (15)
6 (5.5)
<0.001
Leg pains on exertion
62 (24.8)
43 (37.7)
19 (17.3)
0.004
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