Research Article
Association between Carotid Wall Shear Rate and Arterial Stiffness in Patients with Hypertension and Atherosclerosis of Peripheral Arteries
Table 3
Clinical, laboratory, and instrumental characteristics of patients in four groups.
| | Characteristics | Group I
(n=15) | Group II
(n=11) | Group III
(n=60) | group IV
(n=26) | p |
| | Age (years, M±SD) | 43.9±11.8 | 54.4±9.56 | 60.2±9.04 | 62.1±8.07 | 0.0001 | | CAD (n) | 4 | 6 | 41 | 24 | 0.0001 | | DM type 2 (n) | 5 | 1 | 19 | 16 | 0.023 | | LDL-H (mmol/l, M±SD) | 2.73±0.83 | 3.25±1.24 | 2.68±1.14 | 2.78±1.09 | 0.454 | | HDL-H (mmol/l, Me [LQ; UQ]) | 1.63 (1.34; 1.72) | 1.22 (1.11; 1.45) | 1.21 (1.07; 1.56) | 1.06 (0.97; 1.17) | 0.002 | | TG (mmol/l, Me [LQ; UQ]) | 0.98 (0.85; 1.36) | 1.74 (1.46; 1.88) | 1.54 (1.07; 2.23) | 1.69 (1.25; 2.05) | 0.103 | | eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2, Me [LQ; UQ]) | 65.7 (56.4; 74.9) | 67.2 (55.2; 68.1) | 59.1 (52.7; 70.2) | 60.7 (55.8; 68.6) | 0.571 | | hsCRP (mg/l, Me [LQ; UQ]) | 1.35 (0.49; 3.07) | 1.57 (0.92; 3.92) | 2.33 (0.93; 5.22) | 1.65 (0.81; 4.58) | 0.655 | | HbA1c (%, Me [LQ; UQ]) | 4.50 (4.00; 5.10) | 4.80 (4.55; 5.50) | 5.20 (4.70; 5.60) | 5.55 (4.57; 7.17) | 0.026 | | , (mm, M±SD) | 0.70±0.08 | 0.92±0.15 | 0.86±0.16 | 0.97±0.10 | 0.0001 | | PS, (mm, Me [LQ; UQ]) | 0.00 (0.00; 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00; 0.00) | 3.00 (2.00; 4.68) | 4.30 (3.71; 6.10) | <0.0001 | | TCPA, (mm2, Me [LQ; UQ]) | 0.00 (0.00; 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00; 0.00) | 0.31 (0.16; 0.42) | 0.59 (0.44; 0.64) | <0.0001 | | Maximum stenosis of CA (%, Me [LQ; UQ]) | 0.00 (0.00; 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00; 0.00) | 35.0 (26.0; 40.0) | 50.0 (39.7; 55.7) | <0.0001 | | DC (10−3/mmHg, M±SD) | 3.02±1.33 | 3.58±0.78 | 2.51±1.02 | 1.99±0.98 | 0.235 | | D (mmHg−1103, M±SD) | 1.66±0.75 | 1.65±0.69 | 1.21±0.60 | 1.01±0.50 | 0.004 | | Ep (mmHg, M±SD) | 743±389 | 592±193 | 882±380 | 1193±502 | 0.002 | | Ey (mmHg/mm, M±SD) | 1225±472 | 726±286 | 1128±502 | 1515±610 | 0.012 | | SI β (M±SD) | 8.04±3.46 | 6.84±1.52 | 8.64±3.77 | 10.7±4.20 | 0.080 | | cfPWV (m/s, M±SD ) | 9.35±2.31 | 11.8±2.55 | 12.7±2.89 | 13.0±2.06 | 0.008 | | crPWV (m/s, M±SD ) | 10.7±2.56 | 12.9±4.49 | 12.4±2.50 | 11.9±2.06 | 0.591 |
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CAD: coronary artery disease; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; hsCRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; mean carotid intima-media thickness; DC: distensibility coefficient; D: distensibility; Ep: Peterson’s elastic modulus; Ey: Young’s elastic modulus; SI β: stiffness index β; cfPWV: carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity; crPWV: carotid-radial pulse wave velocity.
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