Automatic Continuous CRT Optimization to Improve Hemodynamic Response: An Italian Single-Center Experience
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of heart failure patients, overall and by etiology (ischemic versus nonischemic).
Baseline characteristics
Overall
Ischemic
Nonischemic
value
Patients ()
31 (100%)
20 (65%)
11 (35%)
Demographics
Men
19 (61%)
14 (70%)
5 (45%)
0.18
Age (years)
0.37
Weight (kg)
0.49
Baseline NYHA class
NYHA
0.14
Class II
6 (19%)
5 (25%)
1 (9%)
<0.001
Class III
25 (81%)
15 (75%)
10 (91%)
Comorbidities/CV risk factors
Diabetes
9 (29%)
9 (45%)
0 (0%)
<0.01
Systemic hypertension
11 (35%)
7 (35%)
4 (36%)
0.94
Renal dysfunction
1 (3%)
1 (5%)
0 (0%)
0.45
COPD
4 (13%)
3 (15%)
1 (9%)
0.63
ECG findings
QRS duration (ms)
0.47
LBBB morphology
20 (65%)
12 (60%)
8 (73%)
0.012
Non-LBBB morphology
11 (35%)
8 (40%)
3 (27%)
SBP (mmHg)
0.23
DBP (mmHg)
0.43
Echocardiographic findings
LV ejection fraction (%)
%
%
%
0.27
≤25%
10 (32%)
8 (40%)
2 (18%)
0.21
>25%
21 (68%)
12 (60%)
9 (82%)
Left atrial diameter (mm)
0.39
LVEDV (mL)
0.06
Medical therapy
Beta-blockers
31 (100%)
20 (100%)
11 (100%)
—
Diuretics
31 (100%)
20 (100%)
11 (100%)
—
Aldosterone antagonist
31 (100%)
20 (100%)
11 (100%)
—
ACE inhibitor or ARNI
31 (100%)
20 (100%)
11 (100%)
—
Data are presented as number and percentage or . Valsartan/sacubitril. Abbreviations: ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARNI: angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CV: cardiovascular; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; ECG: electrocardiogram; LBBB: left bundle-branch block; LV: left ventricular; LVEDV: left ventricular end-diastolic volume; NYHA: New York Heart Association; SBP: systolic blood pressure.
