Segmental Arterial Mediolysis: A Multiguised Vasospastic Arteriopathy with Collateral Mesangial Cell Hyperplasia and Cardiac Toxicity Generated by Norepinephrine and Hyperdense Adrenoceptors Alone or by Crosstalk with Other Pressor Agents

<div>Vasospastic venous angiopathy. The red arrow points to a vein with irregular outer contours thickened by reparative alterations—edema, granulation tissue, and patchy loss of muscle in the adventitia. The adjacent artery (purple arrow) shows SAM induced change—transmedial granulation tissue (orange arrow), gap (black arrow), and a dissecting hematoma (blue arrow). Movat stain ×25 (adapted from the World Journal Cardiovascular Diseases 2013.3 published online).</div>

International Journal of Vascular Medicine

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Figure 29

Figure 29: Segmental Arterial Mediolysis: A Multiguised Vasospastic Arteriopathy with Collateral Mesangial Cell Hyperplasia and Cardiac Toxicity Generated by Norepinephrine and Hyperdense Adrenoceptors Alone or by Crosstalk with Other Pressor Agents 

Figure 29 | Segmental Arterial Mediolysis: A Multiguised Vasospastic Arteriopathy with Collateral Mesangial Cell Hyperplasia and Cardiac Toxicity Generated by Norepinephrine and Hyperdense Adrenoceptors Alone or by Crosstalk with Other Pressor Agents 