Bird Species Abundance and Their Correlationship with Microclimate and Habitat Variables at Natural Wetland Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia

Table 1

Relative abundance of bird species recorded at three habitats of Paya Indah Wetland Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia.

Family  name	Scientific  name	Common  name	No. of observations with habitat
			Marsh swamp		Lotus swamp		Open water body
			Observation	% of all detection	Observation	% of all detection	Observation	% of all detection
Rallidae	Porphyrio porphyrio	Purple swamphen	798	9.14	78	0.89	25	0.29
Pycnonotidae	Pycnonotus goiavier	Yellow-vented bulbul	690	7.91	101	1.16	129	1.48
Columbidae	Treron vernans	Pink-necked green pigeon	614	7.03	150	1.72	90	1.03
Columbidae	Geopelia striata	Peaceful dove	462	5.29	101	1.16	84	0.96
Columbidae	Streptopelia chinensis	Spotted dove	386	4.42	56	0.64	67	0.77
Hirundinidae	Hirundo tahitica	Pacific swallow	208	2.38	39	0.45	85	0.97
Rallidae	Amaurornis phoenicurus	White-breasted waterhen	200	2.29	38	0.44	25	0.29
Ploceidae	Ploceus philippinus	Baya weaver	173	1.98	7	0.08	52	0.60
Sturnidae	Acridotheres tristis	Common myna	166	1.90	17	0.19	51	0.58
Ardeidae	Ardea purpurea	Purple heron	164	1.88	52	0.60	22	0.25
Ardeidae	Ixobrychus sinensis	Yellow bittern	162	1.86	42	0.48	11	0.13
Sturnidae	Acridotheres fuscus	Jungle myna	154	1.76	15	0.17	117	1.34
Alcedinidae	Halcyon smyrnensis	White-throated kingfisher	128	1.47	51	0.58	42	.48
Estrildidae	Lonchura punctulata	Scaly-breasted munia	125	1.43	36	0.41	49	0.56
Estrildidae	Lonchura malacca	Black-headed munia	122	1.40	0	0	3	0.03
Sturnidae	Aplonis panayensis	Philippine glossy starling	116	1.33	0	0	24	0.27
Motacillidae	Anthus richardi	Richard’s pipit	114	1.31	1	0.01	26	0.30
Passeridae	Passer montanus	Eurasian tree sparrow	94	1.08	8	0.09	1	0.01
Charadriidae	Vanellus indicus	Red-wattled lapwing	93	1.07	8	0.09	41	0.47
Aegithinidae	Aegithina viridissima	Green iora	89	1.02	17	0.19	7	0.08
Turdidae	Copsychus saularis	Oriental magpie robin	84	0.96	19	0.22	13	0.15
Meropidae	Merops philippinus	Blue-tailed bee-eater	68	0.80	37	0.42	142	1.63
Rhipiduridae	Rhipidura javanica	Pied fantail	65	0.74	23	0.26	8	0.09
Cisticolidae	Prinia flaviventris	Yellow-bellied prinia	65	0.74	21	0.24	20	0.23
Laniidae	Lanius cristatus	Brown shrike	64	0.73	16	0.18	12	0.14
Rallidae	Gallinula chloropus	Common moorhen	61	0.70	28	0.32	6	0.07
Oriolidae	Oriolus chinensis	Black-napped oriole	59	0.68	11	0.13	14	0.16
Cuculidae	Centropus bengalensis	Lesser coucal	48	0.55	0	0	12	0.14
Sturnidae	Acridotheres grandis	White-vented myna	44	0.50	7	0.08	6	0.07
Anatidae	Dendrocygna javanica	Lesser whistling duck	37	0.42	0	0	199	2.28
Ardeidae	Ixobrychus cinnamomeus	Cinnamon bittern	28	0.32	0	0	6	0.07
Aegithinidae	Aegithina tiphia	Common iora	28	0.32	3	0.03	5	0.06
Picidae	Dinopium javanense	Common flameback	27	0.31	10	0.11	3	0.03
Sylviidae	Acrocephalus orientalis	Oriental reed warbler	24	0.27	1	0	1	0.01
Rallidae	Porzana cinerea	White-browed crake	24	0.27	5	0.07	0	0
Phasianidae	Gallus gallus	Red jungle-fowl	21	0.24	8	0.09	7	0.08
Ardeidae	Butorides striatus	Little heron	20	0.23	3	0.03	0	0
Campephagidae	Lalage nigra	Pied triller	19	0.22	0	0	7	0.08
Columbidae	Treron bicincta	Orange-breasted green pigeon	17	0.19	15	0.17	0	0
Sylviidae	Orthotomus ruficeps	Ashy tailorbird	14	0.16	4	0.05	0	0
Ardeidae	Nycticorax nycticorax	Black-crowned nightheron	13	0.15	0	0	0	0
Nectariniidae	Nectarinia jugularis	Olive-backed sunbird	13	0.15	1	0.01	2	0.02
Cuculidae	Cacomantis merulinus	Plaintive cuckoo	12	0.14	13	0.15	0	0
Anatidae	Nettapus coromandelianus	Cotton pygmy goose	11	0.13	1	0.01	81	0.93
Meropidae	Merops viridis	Blue-throated bee-eater	10	0.10	9	0.10	0	0
Scolopacidae	Gallinago stenura	Pintail snipe	10	0.10	0	0	2	0.02
Nectariniidae	Anthreptes malacensis	Brown-throated sunbird	8	0.09	3	0.03	0	0
Corvidae	Corvus macrorhynchos	Large-billed crow	8	0.09	0	0	12	0
Columbidae	Treron olax	Little green pigeon	8	0.09	1	0.01	0	0
Estrildidae	Lonchura maja	White-headed munia	8	0.09	0	0	0	0
Turnicidae	Turnix suscitator	Barred button quail	7	0.08	1	0.01	0	0
Ardeidae	Ardea cinerea	Grey heron	7	0.08	4	0.05	1	0.01
Sylviidae	Orthotomus sutorius	Common tailorbird	6	0.07	2	0.02	3	0.03
Pycnonotidae	Pycnonotus plumosus	Olive-winged bulbul	6	0.07	0	0	0	0
Sylviidae	Orthotomus sericeus	Rufous-tailed tailorbird	6	0.07	0	0	0	0
Ardeidae	Ixobrychus eurhythmus	Schrenck’s bittern	6	0.07	0	0	1	0.01
Cuculidae	Chrysococcyx minutillus	Little bronze cuckoo	5	0.06	2	0.02	2	0.02
Cisticolidae	Cisticola juncidis	Zitting cisticola	5	0.06	0	0	5	0.06
Accipitridae	Elanus caeruleus	Black-shoulder kite	4	0.05	0	0	0	0
Coraciidae	Eurystomus orientalis	Dollar bird	4	0.05	0	0	0	0
Ardeidae	Egretta alba	Great egret	4	0.05	0	0	0	0
Cuculidae	Centropus sinensis	Greater coucal	4	0.05	0	0	2	0.02
Ardeidae	Egretta garzetta	Little egret	4	0.05	0	0	0	0
Pachycephalidae	Pachycephala grisola	Mangrove whistler	4	0.05	0	0	1	0.01
Nectariniidae	Anthreptes simplex	Plain sunbird	4	0.05	0	0	0	0
Rallidae	Gallicrex cinerea	Water cock	4	0.05	1	0.01	3	0.03
Rallidae	Porzana pusilla	Baillon’s crake	3	0.03	11	0.13	0	0
Nectariniidae	Aethopyga saturata	Black-throated sunbird	3	0.03	0	0	0	0
Caprimulgidae	Caprimulgus affinis	Savanna nightjar	3	0.03	0	0	1	0.01
Muscicapidae	Muscicapa dauurica	Asian brown flycatcher	2	0.02	2	0.02	0	0
Alcedinidae	Alcedo atthis	Common kingfisher	2	0.02	1	0.01	0	0
Sturnidae	Gracula religiosa	Hill myna	2	0.02	0	0	0	0
Caprimulgidae	Caprimulgus macrurus	Large-tailed nightjar	2	0.02	0	0	1	0.01
Podicipedidae	Tachybaptus ruficollis	Little grebe	2	0.02	2	0.02	7	0.08
Laniidae	Lanius schach	Long-tailed shrike	2	0.02	1	0.01	0	0
Dicruridae	Dicrurus leucophaeus	Ashy drongo	1	0.01	0	0	0	0
Accipitridae	Aviceda leuphotes	Black baza	1	0.01	0	0	1	0.01
Phasianidae	Coturnix chinensis	Blue-breasted quail	1	0.01	0	0	2	0.02
Corvidae	Corvus splendens	House crow	1	0.01	0	0	3	0.03
Sylviidae	Phylloscopus inornatus	Inornate warbler	1	0.01	0	0	0	0
Nectariniidae	Arachnothera longirostra	Little spiderhunter	1	0.01	1	0.01	0	0
Jacanidae	Hydrophasianus chirurgus	Pheasant-tailed jacana	1	0.01	6	0.07	0	0
Sylviidae	Locustella certhiola	Rusty-rumped warbler	1	0.01	1	0.01	0	0
Picidae	Picumnus innominatus	Speckled piculet	1	0.01	0	0	0	0
Scolopacidae	Tringa. hypoleucos	Common sandpiper	0	0.01	2	0.02	0	0
Picidae	Celeus brachyurus	Rufous woodpecker	0	0.00	2	0.02	0	0
Columbidae	Treron curvirostra	Thick-billed green Pigeon	0	0.00	1	0.01	0	0
Nectariniidae	Nectarinia calcostetha	Copper-throated sunbird	0	0.00	1	0.01	0	0
Campephagidae	Pericrocotus divaricatus	Ashy minivet	0	0.00	0	0	3	0.03
Total			6086		1097		1545