Climate Change and Malaria in Canada: A Systems Approach
Table 2
Anopheles species of Canada and their potential competence as malarial vectors.
Mosquito species
Distribution in Canada
Vector competence as a potential reservoir for Plasmodium species
An. freeborni
British Columbia (BC)
Competent vector,
particularly for P. vivax, believed
to be the dominant vector of cases in the western USA
An. quadrimaculatus
Ontario (ON)
Competent vector for P. vivax and P. falciparum, believed to be the dominant vector of cases in the
eastern USA
Quebec (QC)
An. punctipennis
British Columbia (BC)
Competent vector for P. vivax and P. falciparum, but not believed to be dominant vector for human
incidence in the USA, possibly due to minimal preference for modern indoor
environments
Manitoba (MB)
New Brunswick (NB)
Nova Scotia (NS)
Ontario (ON)
Quebec (QC)
An. walkeri
Manitoba (MB)
Vector competency doubtful;
species believed to be of negligible or no importance as a vector of Plasmodium spp.
New Brunswick (NB)
Nova Scotia (NS)
Ontario (ON)
Quebec (QC)
Saskatchewan (SK)
An. barberi
Ontario (ON)
Competent vector of Plasmodium species, though considered
to be of doubtful importance due to its limited contact with man
Quebec (QC)
An. earlei
All provinces & territories except Newfoundland and
Labrador (NF)
