Review Article

Cryptococcus gattii: An Emerging Cause of Fungal Disease in North America

Table 2

Summary of case reports of C. gattii infection.

Age (sex)ResidenceExposureHealth conditionsSymptomsPathology (molecular type)

1 [22]47 (M)BC mainland (on coast north of VI)Yard/landscaping work at residenceChronic hepatitis C, drug addictionCough, chills, night sweats, nausea, muscular pain, headache, appetite loss, stiff neckLung/brain nodules (VGI)

2 [22]48 (F)BC (lower mainland)Deforestation near residence, yard work, last visited VI 4 years agoNoneDyspnea, fever, chills, headache, night sweats, appetite loss, nausea, muscular painLung mass (VGIIa)

3 [22]73 (F)BCLittle outdoor exposure, last visited VI 14 years agoChronic renal failure, lung disease, breast cancer, hip surgeryNoneLung nodule (VGIIa)

4 [22]59 (M)ORNo travel out of OR in last yearScarred lung tissue (due to occupation)Cough, dyspnea, fever, chills, nausea, weight loss, muscular painNot specified (VGIIa)

5 [22]87 (M)ORTravel to parts of OR, WA & COChronic lymphocytic leukemia (oral steroid)Fever, weight loss, appetite lossMeningitis (VGIIb)

6 [24]74 (M)WA (Puget Sound)Travel to south CA and HI in last yearLarge granular lymphocytic leukemia (steroid and hormone)CoughLung nodule (VGIIa)

7 [25]45 (F)AlbertaHolidays spent on southeast shore of VI, park visitsNoneHeadache, blurred vision, photosensitivity, nausea, vomiting, coughLung opacities, airspace disease, meningitis (not specified)

8 [103]51 (M)DenmarkTravel to Victoria and VI east coast for 7 days, garden visitsPsoriatic gout (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug)Chest pain, fever, cough, dyspnea3 large nodular infiltrates (VGIIa)

9 [114]54 (M)Not specifiedNot specifiedBradycardia, acute myocardial infarction, smokerNoneLung opacity (not specified)

10 [114]62 (M)Not specifiedNot specifiedPrevious smokerChest painLung nodules (not specified)

11 [114]69 (F)Not specifiedExposure to tuberculosisPrevious smoker, total colectomy due to ulcerative colitisCough, dyspneaCavitary lesion (not specified)

12 [114]65 (M)Not specifiedOccupational (painter)Previous smoker, mild recurrent hemoptysisNot specifiedLung opacity, meningitis (not specified)

Legend: BC: British Columbia, CA: California, CO: Colorado, HI: Hawaii, OR: Oregon, VI: Vancouver Island, WA: Washington.