Global Fluoroquinolone Resistance Epidemiology and Implictions for Clinical Use

Table 1

Worldwide prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant uropathogens. Data in columns four and five represent total numbers of isolates studied; data in columns six to nine represent fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates in percent of total; figures in column ten show ESBL-positive isolates in percent of total isolates studied; figures in columns eleven and twelve represent ESBL-positive or negative fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates in percent of total numbers of ESBL-positive isolates.

Species	Country	Sampling period	𝑛 uUTI	𝑛 cUTI	HAUTI	HAUTI	CAUTI	CAUTI	ESBL pos	% FQ res.	% FQ res.	Ref.
					uUTI	cUTI	uUTI	cUTI	% of	of ESBL	of ESBL
					% FQ res.	% FQ res.	% FQ res.	% FQ res.	total	pos.	neg
E. coli	ESP	03/03 to 01/03	82	82	—	19.5	8.5	—	—	—	—	[482]
E. coli	GRC	01/05 to 03/06	1.936	—	—	—	2.2	—	—	—	—	[483]
E. coli	PRT	03/04 to 03/06	—	90	—	—	—	98	96	100	—	[120]
E. coli	TUR	2005 to 2006	107	—	—	—	25.2	—	—	—	—	[484]
S. aureus	TUR	2005 to 2006	12	—	—	—	41.7	—	—	—	—	[484]
Enterococcus spp.	TUR	2005 to 2006	5	—	—	—	20.0	—	—	—	—	[484]
E. coli	TUR	01/07 to 12/07	269	34	—	—	22.0	41.0	—	—	—	[90]
E. coli	TUR	—	321	290	—	—	17.0	38.0	71	7.9	92.1	[485]
E. coli	TUR	—	110	—	—	—	15.0	—	—	—	—	[486]
E. coli	LBN	2000	395	—	17.0	—	—	—	—	—	—	[487]
E. coli	LBN	2009	628	—	48.0	—	—	—	—	—	—	[487]
E. coli	IND	08/04 to 07/05	61	—	—	—	69.0	—	—	34.4	65.6	[488]
K. pneumoniae	IND	08/04 to 07/05	22	—	—	—	47.0	—	—	27.3	72.7	[488]
E. coli	IND	06/05 to 12/05	—	508	—	—	—	—	—	29.1	70.9	[489]
K. pneumoniae	IND	06/05 to 12/05	—	—	—	—	—	64.2	—	25.6	74.4	[489]
Enterobacter spp	IND	06/05 to 12/05	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	28.6	71.4	[489]
E. coli	IND	06/04 to 06/05	—	412	—	—	—	—	92	42.4	57.6	[94]
K. pneumoniae	IND	06/04 to 06/05	—	136	—	—	—	—	33	15.2	84.8	[94]
Gram-neg. bacilli	IND	09/01 to 12/01	—	793	—	77.5	—	—	—	71.5	28.5	[490]
Gram pos. cocci	IND	09/01 to 12/02	—	78	—	47.6	—	—	—	—	—	[490]
E. coli	IND	03/11 to 08/11	—	532	—	21	—	—	—	—	—	[491]
E. coli	IND	01/10 to 08/10	—	89	—	62	—	—	—	—	—	[492]
Klebsiella spp.	IND	01/10 to 08/10	—	32	—	48	—	—	—	—	—	[492]
E. coli	PAK	04/05 to 02/06	—	116	—	62.1	—	—	80.3	56.8	43.2	[493]
E. coli	PAK	05/07 to 09/09	—	276	—	77.2	—	—	—	—	—	[494]
E. coli	IRN	03/09 to 06/09	—	620	—	31	—	—	—	—	—	[495]
K. pneumoniae	IRN	03/09 to 06/09	—	115	—	15	—	—	—	—	—	[495]
Enterococcus spp.	IRN	03/09 to 06/09	—	110	—	59	—	—	—	—	—	[495]
P. aeruginosa	IRN	03/09 to 06/09	—	30	—	23	—	—	—	—	—	[495]
S. aureus	IRN	03/09 to 06/09	—	81	—	0.06	—	—	—	—	—	[495]
E. coli	PRK	2006	301	—	—	—	23.4	—	100	11.8	—	[89]
E. coli	PRK	—	688	—	—	—	—	—	71.8	12.1	87.9	[496]
E coli	PRK	—	—	160	—	—	—	—	71.8	23.1	76.9	[496]
E. coli	PRK	01/08 to 06/09	1.994	—	—	—	25.4	—	—	—	—	[497]
E. coli	PRK	01/01 to 12/02	232^∗	419^∗	—	—	12.7	21.2	—	—	—	[498]
E. coli	PRK	01/08 to 12/09	232^∗	419^∗	—	—	88	30.6	—	—	—	[498]
E. coli	HKG	2006 to 2008	271	—	—	—	12.9	—	—	5.2	94.8	[499]
E. coli	ZAF	11/05 to 10/06	87	—	—	—	11.5	—	—	2.6	97.4	[500]
E. coli	ZAF	11/05 to 10/06	—	366	—	17.2	—	—	—	11.9	88.1	[500]
K. pneumoniae	ZAF	11/05 to 10/06	17	—	—	—	11.8	—	—	31.3	68.7	[500]
K. pneumoniae	ZAF	11/05 to 10/06	—	182	—	31.9	—	—	—	40.6	59.4	[500]
E. coli	FRA	05/03 to 04/04	1.217	—	—	—	3.7	—	—	—	—	[501]
E. coli	ESP	2002 + 2004	5.737	—	—	—	22.7	—	—	—	—	[502]
E. coli	ESP	11/03 to 10/04	3.292	—	—	—	18.0	—	—	—	—	[503]
E. coli	RUS	1998 to 2001	456	—	—	—	4.5	—	—	—	—	[504]
E. coli	GBR	1999 to 2000	1.291	—	—	—	2.3	—	—	—	—	[505]
E. coli	ISR	1999	6.692	—	—	—	6.0	—	—	1.25	98.75	[506]
E. coli	USA	08/08 to 03/09	—	253	—	38	—	—	—	—	—	[506]
E. coli	USA	—	102	—	2.0	—	—	—	—	—	—	[507]
E. coli	USA	08/08 to 03/09	357	—	10.0	38.0	—	—	—	—	—	[109]
E. coli	NLD	1997	—	332	—	29.0	—	—	—	—	—	[111]
Proteus spp.	NLD	1997	—	171	—	22.0	—	—	—	—	—	[111]
E. coli		2004 + 2009	565	—	—	—	3.0	—	—	—	—	[508]
E. coli	NLD	01/04 to 12/09	—	420	—	12.0	—	—	—	—	—	[130]
E. coli	CHE	01/06 to 08/07	—	345	—	22.0	—	—	—	—	—	[509]
E. coli	CAN	09/05 to 06/06	—	283	—	19.8	—	—	—	3.5	96.5	[263]
P. aeruginosa	CAN	09/05 to 06/06	—	45	—	37.8	—	—	—	—	—	[263]
K. pneumoniae	CAN	09/05 to 06/06	—	51	—	0.0	—	—	—	1.8	98.2	[263]
E. cloacae	CAN	09/05 to 06/06	—	16	—	6.3	—	—	—	—	—	[263]
MSSA	CAN	09/05 to 06/06	—	20	—	20.0	—	—	—	—	—	[263]
E. coli	CAN	01/08 to 12/08	—	510	—	21.4	—	—	—	4.9	95.1	[264]
K. pneumoniae	CAN	01/08 to 12/08	—	98	—	12.2	—	—	—	3.2	96.8	[264]

uUTI: uncomplicated urinary tract infection; cUTI: complicated urinary tract infection; HA-UTI: Healthcare associated urinary tract infection; CA-UTI: community acquired urinary tract infection; ESBL: extended spectrum β-lactamase; Ref: reference; *total number of isolates studied in both sampling periods; ESP: Spain; GRC: Greece; PRT: Portugal; TUR: Turkey; LBN: Lebanon; IND: India; PAK: Pakistan; PRK: South Korea; HKG: Hong Kong; ZAF: South Africa; RUS: Russian Federation; USA: United States of America; NLD: The Netherlands; CHE: Switzerland; CAN: Canada.