The Probable Association between Chronic Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study

Table 2

Demographic characteristics and risk factors related to the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in T2DM patients, Khorramshahr city.

Characteristic	Type 2 DM (N = 69)				Controls (N = 100)				Type 2 DM versus controls
	No. of tested	IgG-positive	%	value	No. of tested	IgG-positive	%	value	value
Age
≤40	12	8	66.66	0.884	25	7	28.00	0.93	0.03
41–60	34	25	73.52		50	14	28.00		<0.001
>60	23	17	73.91		25	8	32.00		0.004
Gender
Female	35	27	77.14	0.377	50	13	26.00	0.509	<0.001
Male	34	23	67.64		50	16	32.00		0.001
Residence
Urban	43	32	74.41	0.64	60	19	31.66	0.472	<0.001
Rural	26	18	69.23		40	10	25.00		<0.001
Education level
Diploma or lower	51	39	76.47	0.21	66	21	31.81	0.387	<0.001
University degree	18	11	61.11		34	8	23.52		0.007
Contact with cat
Yes	52	44	84.51	<0.001	73	25	34.24	0.045	<0.001
No	17	6	35.29		27	4	14.81		0.114
Source of drinking water
Unpurified water	7	4	57.14	0.292	11	6	54.54	0.048	0.648
Purified water	62	46	74.19		89	23	25.84		<0.001
Consumption of raw/undercooked meat
Yes	8	5	62.50	0.384	14	7	50.00	0.062	0.454
No	61	45	73.77		86	22	25.58		<0.001
Total	69	50	72.5		100	29	29.00		<0.001