Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases

Review Article

Severity and Mortality Associated with Steroid Use among Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Characteristics of included studies.
S.NoAuthorsStudy typeSample sizeNumber of controlPatient statusCountryFollow-up period
1Wang et al. [19]Retrospective study4620COVID-19 with pneumoniaWuhan Union Hospital, ChinaJanuary 20 to February 25, 2020
2Fadel et al. [17]Multicenter quasi-experimental study21381COVID-19Five hospitals in Michigan, USAMarch 12, 2020 through March 27, 2020
3Wu et al. [21]Retrospective cohort study201139COVID-19 with pneumoniaWuhan Jinyintan Hospital in ChinaDecember 25, 2019, to January 26, 2020
4Li et al. [12]Ambispective cohort study548207COVID-19Tongji Hospital, ChinaJanuary 26, to March 3, 2020.
5Zhou et al. [23]Multicenter, retrospective cohort study191134COVID-19Wuhan, ChinaDec 29, 2019, to Jan 31, 2020
6Shang et al. [18]Multicenter, retrospective, observational study416220COVID-19Hubei province, ChinaDec 27, 2019, to Feb 17, 2020
7Yang et al. [22]Retrospective observational study5222SARS-CoV-2 pneumoniaWuhan, ChinaDecember, 2019, to Jan 26, 2020
8Huang et al. [24]Prospective cohort study4132COVID-19Wuhan, ChinaDec 16, 2019, to Jan 2, 2020
9Guan et al. [27]Retrospective cohort study1099895COVID-19ChinaDecember 11, 2019, to January 31, 2020.
10Zhao et al. [26]Retrospective cohort study9112COVID-19Jingzhou Central Hospital, ChinaJanuary 16, 2020, to February 10, 2020.
11Ling et al. [25]Retrospective cohort study6661COVID-19Shanghai, ChinaJanuary 20, to February 10, 2020
12Horby et al. [44]Randomized controlled trial64254321COVID-19United KingdomMarch 9, to June 8, 2020
13Angus et al. [45]Randomized controlled trial384101COVID-19REMAP-CAP multicenter (Australia, Canada, France, Ireland, The Netherlands, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States)March 9 to August 12, 2020
14Borie et al. [28]Cohort study17163COVID-19ParisMarch 27 to April 10, 2020
15Dequin et al. [46]Randomized controlled trial14973Critically Ill patients with COVID-19FranceMarch 7 to June 29, 2020
16Falcone et al. [43]Prospective observational study315174COVID-19 and pneumoniaUniversity Hospital of PisaMarch 4–April 30, 2020
17Fernández-Cruz et al. [29]Retrospective controlled cohort study46367COVID-19 and pneumoniaSpain4 March 2020 to 7 April 2020
18Jeronimo et al. [47]Randomized controlled trial393199COVID-19Brazil18 April to 16 June 2020
19Krishnan et al. [30]Retrospective observational study152136COVID-19 and pneumoniaUSAMarch 10, to April 15, 2020
20Li et al. 2020 [31]Multicenter, retrospective study294111Critically ill COVID-19 patientsHubei, ChinaBetween December 30, 2019 and February 19, 2020
21Papamanoli et al. [32]Retrospective cohort447294severe COVID-19 pneumoniaNew York, USA1 March to 15 April 2020
22Tomazini et al. [48]Randomized controlled trial299148Acute respiratory distress syndrome and COVID-19BrazilApril 17 to July 21, 2020
23You et al. [33]Retrospective cohort study343225COVID-19ChinaFebruary 1 to March 31, 2020
24Rodríguez-Baño et al. [34]Retrospective cohort study778583COVID-19SpainFebruary 2 to March 31, 2020
25Ma et al. [35]Multicenter retrospective cohort study7225COVID-19ChinaJanuary 2020 to March 2020
26Lu et al. [36]Retrospective cohort study6231Critically ill COVID-19ChinaJanuary 25 to February 25, 2020
27Cao et al. [37]Retrospective cohort study10251COVID-19ChinaJanuary 3 and February 1, 2020
28Nelson et al. [38]Retrospective cohort study11769COVID-19 pneumoniaUSAMarch 1, 2020 and April 12, 2020
29Bani-Sadr et al. [39]Prospective cohort study25785COVID-19 pneumoniaFrance3 March 2020 and 14 April 2020
30Salton et al. [40]Multicenter observational study17390severe COVID-19 pneumoniaItalyFebruary 27 to May 21, 2020
31Mikulska et al. [41]Observational single-center study19666COVID-19 pneumoniaItalyNR
32Majmundar et al. [42]Retrospective cohort study205145COVID-19 pneumoniaUSAMarch 15 to April 30, 2020