Prevalence and Clindamycin Resistance Profile of Staphylococcus aureus and Associated Factors among Patients Attending the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia

Table 3

Bivariate and multivariate analysis of S. aureus isolated from patients attending University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia, 2018.

Variables	Staphylococcus aureus		Crude odds ratio (95% CI)	value	Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)	value
	No (%)	Yes (%)
Sex
Male	52.2	47	1		1
Female	47.8	53	1.23(0.725–2.094)	0.441	1.065(0.548–2.071)	0.852
Age (years)
<1 year	33.2	19.7	1		1
1–10 years	13.4	16.7	2.106(0.876–5.063)	0.096	1.265(0.457–3.497)	0.651
11–20 years	11.5	27.3	4.004(1.790–8.959)	0.001	1.762(0.394–7.882)	0.459
21–30 years	14	19.7	2.378(1.022–5.530)	0.044	2.642(0.265–26.382)	0.408
31–50 years	17.7	12	1.155(0.452–2.950)	0.763	1.184(0.099–14.106)	0.894
>50 years	10.2	4.5	0.748(0.201–2.786)	0.665	0.690(0.044–10.841)	0.792
Marital status
Single	64	72.7	1		1
Married	30.1	22.7	0.664(0.354–1.244)	0.201	0.937(0.234–3.757)	0.927
Divorced	2.2	3	1.226(0.247–6.089)	0.803	3.297(0.305–35.598)	0.326
Widow	3.7	1.5	0.358(0.045–2.817)	0.329	0.627(0.027–14.376)	0.770
Family size
1–3	23.3	10.6	1		1
4–6	60.6	71.2	2.582(1.118–5.967)	0.026	2.627(1.030–6.702)	0.043
>7	16.1	18.2	2.473(0.912–6.701)	0.075	3.892(1.169–12.959)	0.027
Educational level
Illiterate	49.1	33.3	1.741(0.385–7.861)	0.471	1.104(0.093–13.181)	0.938
Primary	13.4	22.7	4.360(0.920–20.659)	0.064	2.886(0.292–28.558)	0.365
Secondary	18	24.3	3.448(0.737–16.132)	0.116	2.007(0.234–17.214)	0.525
College	11.6	16.7	3.618(0.739–17.725)	0.113	3.311(0.538–20.375)	0.197
University	7.8	3	1		1
Occupation
Government	14.9	13.6	1		1
Merchant	4.7	6.1	1.422(0.383–5.286)	0.599	0.984(0.172–5.622)	0.985
Housewife	7.1	4.5	0.696(0.172–2.815)	0.611	2.414(0.319–18.288)	0.394
Labourer	6.8	6.1	0.970(0.269–3.492)	0.962	1.134(0.192–6.712)	0.889
Farmer	9.3	6.1	0.711(0.201–2.515)	0.597	1.386(0.162–11.886)	0.766
Unemployed	57.1	63.6	1.217(0.554–2.674)	0.624	2.071(0.192–22.324)	0.549
Residence
Urban	58.4	72.7	1.901(1.059–3.413)	0.032	2.257(1.063–4.796)	0.034
Rural	41.6	27.3	1		1
Type of patient
Inpatient	73.9	80.3	1.439(0.747–2.772)	0.277	3.108(1.197–8.070)	0.020
Outpatient	26.1	19.7	1		1
Illness in the last 4 weeks?
Yes	46.3	66.7	2.322(1.331–4.052)	0.003	2.116(1.080–4.145)	0.029
No	53.7	33.3	1		1
Implanted Medical device
Yes	68.6	54.5	0.548(0.320–0.940)	0.029	0.605(0.302–1.213)	0.157
No	31.4	45.5	1		1
History of surgical procedure
Yes	6.8	9.1	1.364(0.530–3.506)	0.520	0.778(0.233–2.593)	0.683
No	93.2	90.9	1		1
History of hospital admission
Yes	10.2	3.0	0.274(0.064–1.170)	0.080	0.422(0.076–2.341)	0.324
No	89.8	97.0	1		1
History of chronic disease
Yes	24.2	10.6	0.371(0.163–0.846)	0.018	0.265(0.094–0.750)	0.012
No	75.8	89.4	1		1
Family member working in healthcare
Yes	10.6	9.1	0.847(0.340–2.107)	0.721	0.633(0.225–1.782)	0.386
No	89.4	90.9	1		1

value < 0.05.