Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases / 2022 / Article / Tab 3 / Research Article
The Presence of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies and Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: A Case-Control Study among Sudanese Patients Table 3 Autoantibodies profile of study participants.
Characteristics Total N (%) AA positive N (%) AA negative N (%) - value (χ 2 )Case/control Control 45 (49.5) 0 45 (53.6) 0.002 (12.27) Case (recovered) 40 (45.1) 5 (71.4) 35 (42.9) Case (dead) 5 (5.5) 2 (28.6) 3 (3.6) Age (mean ± SD) 10–19 3 (3.3) 0 3 (3.6) 0.79 (3.13) 20–29 22 (24.2) 3 (42.9) 18 (22.6) 30–39 16 (17.6) 1 (14.3) 15 (17.9) 40–49 18 (19.8) 1 (14.3) 17 (20.2) 50–59 14 (15.4) 0 14 (16.7) 60–60 7 (7.7) 1 (14.3) 6 (7.1) >70 11 (12.1) 1 (14.3) 10 (11.9) Gender Male 64 (70.3) 5 (71.4) 58 (70.2) 0.94 (0.004) Female 27 (29.7) 2 (28.6) 25 (29.8) Address Urban 78 (85.7) 6 (85.7) 72 (85.7) 1 (0) Rural 13 (14.3) 1 (14.3) 11 (14.3) Level of education No formal education 16 (17.6) 3 (42.9) 13 (15.5) 0.24 (4.12) Primary 15 (16.5) 0 15 (17.9) Secondary 13 (14.3) 1 (14.3) 12 (14.3) University 47 (51.6) 3 (42.9) 43 (52.4) Symptoms Fever 89 (97.8) 7 (100) 82 (97.6) 0.68 (0.17) Cough 84 (92.3) 6 (85.7) 78 (92.9) 0.49 (0.46) Shortness of breath 75 (82.4) 6 (85.7) 69 (82.1) 0.81 (0.06) Sore throat 82 (90.1) 4 (57.1) 78 (92.9) 0.002 (9.2) Headache 79 (86.8) 3 (42.9) 75 (90.5) <0.001 (12.8) Myalgia 63 (69.2) 4 (57.1) 59 (70.2) 0.47 (0.52) Running nose 7 (7.7) 1 (14.3) 6 (7.1) 0.49 (0.46) Chronic illnesses Diabetes mellitus 30 (33) 5 (71.7) 25 (29.8) 0.024 (5.1) Hypertension 2 (2.2) 0 2 (2.4) 0.68 (0.17) Renal impairment 2 (2.2) 0 2 (2.4) 0.68 (0.17) Laboratory measures Hypocalcemia 8 (8.8) 3 (42.9) 5 (6) 0.001 (10.9) Leukopenia 1 (1.1) 1 (14.3) 0 <0.001 (12.1) Lymphopenia 48 (52.7) 7 (100) 40 (48.8) 0.009 (6.8) Immunoglobulin’s profile IgM, positive 5 (19.2) 2 (25) 3 (16.7) 0.12 (2.6) IgG, positive 13 (50) 3 (37.5) 10 (55.6) 0.35 (0.86) IgA, positive 8 (30.7) 3 (37.5) 5 (27.7) 0.054 (3.7)