Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, Hypermobility Type: An Underdiagnosed Hereditary Connective Tissue Disorder with Mucocutaneous, Articular, and Systemic Manifestations
Table 8
Standards for evaluating range of motion of adults’ joints.
Movement
Maximal ROM
Shoulder elevation through flexion
180°
Elbow extension
190°–195°1
Elbow pronation-supination
170°2
Wrist flexion
80°
Wrist extension
70°
Wrist ulnar deviation
30°
Wrist radial deviation
20°
2nd finger MCP joint extension
45°
PIP and DIP joint extension
0°
Hip abduction with leg extended
45°
Hip adduction with leg extended
30°
Knee extension
180°–190°1
Ankle dorsiflexion
20°
Ankle plantar flexion
50°
1st toe MTP joint extension
70°
Mandible depression
35–50 mm
Mandible protrusion
3–7 mm
Mandible lateral deviation
10–15 mm
Neck rotation
11 cm3
Neck flexion
45°
Neck extension
45°
Neck lateral flexion
45°
Thoracolumbar spine lateral flexion
35°
1The lower and the upper end fits better for men and women, respectively.
280° in supination and 90° in pronation from mid-position.
3From the tip of the chin to the lateral aspect of the acromion process. DIP: distal interphalangeal, MCP: metacarpophalangeal, MTP: metatarsophalangeal, PIP: proximal interphalangeal, ROM: range of motion.