Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Urocanic Acid Derivatives in Models Ex Vivo and In Vivo of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Figure 3

Histological scores (see Section 2) with different parameters. (a) The inflammation involved areas, 𝑃=0.01 (Kruskal-Wallis), ^∗𝑃<0.05 (Dunn’s posttest). (b) Severity of edema formation. (c) Occurrence of fibrosis, 𝑃=0.02 (Kruskal-Wallis), ^∗𝑃<0.05 (Dunn’s posttest). (d) Occurrence of erosion and ulcerations. (e) Loss of crypt structures. (f) Number of granulocytes, semi-quantitative. (g) Number of mononuclear cells, semiquantitative. The scores of the positive control were compared with those obtained by administration of the test compounds. See for abbreviations Figure 2(c). (h) The summed histological scores of all parameters, 𝑃=0.05 (Kruskal-Wallis), ^∗𝑃<0.05 (Dunn’s posttest).

(a)   Involved area

(b) Edema

(c) Fibrosis

(d) Erosion/ulceration

(e) Crypt loss

(f) Granulocytes

(g) Mononuclears

(h) Total histological score