Pattern and Trend of Substance Abuse in Eastern Rural Iran: A Household Survey in a Rural Community

Table 2

Frequency of substance use among rural residents (𝑛=900).

Substance	Lifetime use			Past 30 days			Near-daily
	𝑛	%	95% CI	𝑛	%	95% CI	𝑛	%	95% CI
Cigarette	286	31.8	28.8–34.9	171	19.0	16.5–21.8	153	17.0	14.6–19.6
Waterpipe	321	35.7	32.6–38.8	99	11.0	9.1–13.2	33	3.7	2.6–5.0
Cannabis	18	2.0	1.2–3.9	8	0.9	0.4–1.7	5	0.6	0.2–1.2
Opium	333	37.0	33.9–40.2	180	20.0	17.5–23.7	141	15.7	13.4–18.2
Shireh (opium residue)	185	20.6	18.0–23.3	114	12.7	10.6–15.0	81	9.0	7.2–11.0
Heroin	39	4.3	3.1–5.8	25	2.8	1.8–4.0	22	2.4	1.6–3.6
Shisheh (amphetamine)	7	0.8	0.3–1.5	5	0.6	0.2–1.2	2	0.2	0.04–0.7
Alcohol	69	7.7	6.1–9.5	16	1.8	1.1–2.8	5	0.6	0.2–1.2
Sedatives	177	19.7	17.2–22.4	87	9.7	7.9–11.7	41	4.6	3.3–6.1