Research Article
Neighborhood Characteristics Associated with the Availability of Alcohol Outlets in Quebec, Canada
Table 2
Weighted Tobit results for neighborhood factors associated with the availability of alcohol outlets*.
| | | All | SAQ | Bar/brewery/tavern | Bar with video lottery terminal | Restaurant | Off-premise | Other types | | | (SE) | β (SE) | β (SE) | β (SE) | β (SE) | β (SE) | β (SE) |
| | 500 metres | | Intercept | −67.26 (.11) | −3.79 (.02) | −27.15 (.05) | −8.71 (.02) | −39.49 (.08) | −12.75 (.03) | −4.12 (.02) | | % male | .42 (.00) | −.01 (.00) | .19 (.00) | .05 (.00) | .20 (.00) | .04 (.00) | .01 (.00) | | % 15–19 years | .17 (.00) | .02 (.00) | .08 (.00) | .01 (.00) | .02 (.00) | .02 (.00) | −.01 (.00) | | % 20–34 years | 1.06 (.00) | .05 (.00) | .33 (.00) | .12 (.00) | .59 (.00) | .27 (.00) | .05 (.00) | | % 35–44 years | .61 (.00) | .03 (.00) | .18 (.00) | .07 (.00) | .33 (.00) | .16 (.00) | .03 (.00) | | % 45–64 years | .33 (.00) | .02 (.00) | .12 (.00) | .04 (.00) | .22 (.00) | .07 (.00) | .02 (.00) | | % 65 years+ | .64 (.00) | .04 (.00) | .25 (.00) | .09 (.00) | .38 (.00) | .14 (.00) | .04 (.00) | | % mobility | .00 (.00) | .00 (.00) | .02 (.00) | .00 (.00) | .01 (.00) | −.02 (.00) | .00 (.00) | | % immigrants | .12 (.00) | .00 (.00) | .02 (.00) | .02 (.00) | .08 (.00) | .04 (.00) | .00 (.00) | | Material deprivation | | | | | | | | | 1st quintile | −.75 (.01) | .21 (.00) | −.07 (.01) | −1.19 (.00) | .69 (.01) | −1.36 (.00) | −.17 (.00) | | 2nd quintile | −2.03 (.01) | .06 (.00) | −.72 (.01) | −.84 (.00) | −.45 (.01) | −1.2 (.00) | −.19 (.00) | | 3rd quintile | −1.8 (.01) | .02 (.00) | −.47 (.01) | −.52 (.00) | −.47 (.01) | −.88 (.00) | −.15 (.00) | | 4th quintile | −1.32 (.01) | .00 (.00) | −.36 (.01) | −.33 (.00) | −.38 (.01) | −.58 (.00) | .00 (.00) | | 5th quintile | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | | Social deprivation | | | | | | | | | 1st quintile | −2.95 (.02) | −.23 (.00) | −1.40 (.01) | −1.09 (.00) | −1.93 (.01) | −1.38 (.00) | −.58 (.00) | | 2nd quintile | −2.62 (.01) | −.26 (.00) | −1.18 (.01) | −.90 (.00) | −1.48 (.01) | −1.18 (.00) | −.49 (.00) | | 3rd quintile | −1.4 (.01) | −.04 (.00) | −.52 (.01) | −.47 (.00) | −.6 (.01) | −.75 (.00) | −.31 (.00) | | 4th quintile | .01 (.01) | .02 (.00) | .06 (.01) | −.08 (.00) | .27 (.01) | −.16 (.00) | −.03 (.00) | | 5th quintile | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | | Location of the DA | | | | | | | | | Metropolitan area | 1.09 (.01) | −.03 (.00) | −.71 (.01) | .41 (.00) | −.14 (.01) | .84 (.00) | .01 (.00) | | Small town | .98 (.01) | −.16 (.00) | .26 (.01) | .34 (.00) | −.18 (.01) | .32 (.00) | .21 (.00) | | Rural | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| | 1 KILOMETRE | | Intercept | −214.62 (.32) | −3.42 (.01) | −75.14 (.12) | −17.56 (.03) | −110.19 (.18) | −36.48 (.07) | −6.31 (.02) | | % Male | 1.42 (.00) | −.01 (.00) | .58 (.00) | .09 (.00) | .60 (.00) | .10 (.00) | .01 (.00) | | % 15–19 years | .52 (.01) | .02 (.00) | .32 (.00) | .05 (.00) | .22 (.00) | .03 (.00) | .02 (.00) | | % 20–34 years | 3.39 (.00) | .07 (.00) | .97 (.00) | .27 (.00) | 1.67 (.00) | .81 (.00) | .10 (.00) | | % 35–44 years | 1.95 (.01) | .03 (.00) | .40 (.00) | .18 (.00) | .96 (.00) | .55 (.00) | .05 (.00) | | % 45–64 years | 1.09 (.00) | .03 (.00) | .34 (.00) | .09 (.00) | .61 (.00) | .25 (.00) | .04 (.00) | | % 65 years+ | 1.87 (.00) | .04 (.00) | .64 (.00) | .19 (.00) | .97 (.00) | .40 (.00) | .06 (.00) | | % mobility | −.08 (.00) | .00 (.00) | .04 (.00) | −.02 (.00) | .00 (.00) | −.07 (.00) | .00 (.00) | | % immigrants | .43 (.00) | .01 (.00) | .08 (.00) | .04 (.00) | .23 (.00) | .13 (.00) | .02 (.00) | | Material deprivation | | | | | | | | | 1st Quintile | 5.89 (.04) | .31 (.00) | 2.43 (.02) | −1.42 (.00) | 5.65 (.02) | −1.86 (.01) | −.16 (.00) | | 2nd Quintile | −.60 (.04) | .10 (.00) | −.12 (.01) | −1.14 (.00) | 1.79 (.02) | −1.92 (.01) | −.20 (.00) | | 3rd Quintile | −1.53 (.04) | .05 (.00) | .08 (.01) | −.61 (.00) | .79 (.02) | −1.43 (.01) | −.13 (.00) | | 4th Quintile | −1.86 (.04) | .06 (.00) | −.04 (.01) | −.38 (.00) | .39 (.02) | −1.00 (.01) | .00 (.00) | | 5th Quintile | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | | Social deprivation | | | | | | | | | 1st Quintile | −6.47 (.05) | −.31 (.00) | −2.47 (.02) | −1.83 (.01) | −3.11 (.03) | −3.21 (.01) | −.72 (.00) | | 2nd Quintile | −7.22 (.04) | −.35 (.00) | −2.11 (.02) | −1.49 (.00) | −3.08 (.02) | −3.2 (.01) | −.59 (.00) | | 3rd Quintile | −5.11 (.04) | −.22 (.00) | −1.15 (.02) | −.89 (.00) | −1.74 (.02) | −2.26 (.01) | −.39 (.00) | | 4th Quintile | −.58 (.04) | .02 (.00) | .22 (.01) | −.14 (.00) | .39 (.02) | −.54 (.01) | −.02 (.00) | | 5th Quintile | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | | Location of the DA | | | | | | | | | Metropolitan area | 5.07 (.04) | .16 (.00) | .16 (.01) | 1.49 (.00) | 1.51 (.02) | 2.99 (.01) | .49 (.00) | | Small town | 4.44 (.04) | −.06 (.00) | 1.85 (.02) | 1.19 (.00) | 1.27 (.02) | 1.21 (.01) | .67 (.00) | | Rural | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| | 2 KILOMETRE | | Intercept | −684.36 (.95) | −6.92 (.02) | −197.52 (.29) | −38.76 (.08) | −329.61 (.49) | −123.08 (.22) | −12.53 (.03) | | % Male | 4.86 (.01) | .00 (.00) | 1.56 (.00) | .13 (.00) | 2.13 (.01) | .42 (.00) | .02 (.00) | | % 15–19 years | .74 (.02) | .06 (.00) | .79 (.01) | .09 (.00) | .67 (.01) | −.14 (.01) | .06 (.00) | | % 20–34 years | 1.45 (.01) | .13 (.00) | 2.49 (.00) | .7 (.00) | 4.86 (.01) | 2.55 (.00) | .2 (.00) | | % 35–44 years | 6.43 (.02) | .07 (.00) | 1.25 (.01) | .48 (.00) | 2.89 (.01) | 1.88 (.00) | .12 (.00) | | % 45–64 years | 3.62 (.01) | .05 (.00) | .97 (.00) | .25 (.00) | 1.72 (.00) | .87 (.00) | .09 (.00) | | % 65 years+ | 5.59 (.01) | .08 (.00) | 1.52 (.00) | .41 (.00) | 2.6 (.00) | 1.24 (.00) | .12 (.00) | | % mobility | −.47 (.01) | .00 (.00) | .05 (.00) | −.06 (.00) | −.1 (.00) | −.26 (.00) | 0 (.00) | | % immigrants | 1.60 (.00) | .03 (.00) | .27 (.00) | .15 (.00) | .76 (.00) | .48 (.00) | .05 (.00) | | Material deprivation | | | | | | | | | 1st Quintile | 28.30 (.12) | .66 (.00) | 1.95 (.04) | −.89 (.01) | 22.72 (.06) | −1.28 (.03) | .34 (.00) | | 2nd Quintile | 4.40 (.11) | .27 (.00) | 3.51 (.03) | −.91 (.01) | 8.44 (.06) | −3.23 (.03) | −.06 (.00) | | 3rd Quintile | 1.57 (.11) | .23 (.00) | 2.38 (.03) | −.27 (.01) | 5.42 (.06) | −1.98 (.03) | .02 (.00) | | 4th Quintile | −3.76 (.11) | .12 (.00) | .67 (.03) | −.25 (.01) | 1.06 (.06) | −2.04 (.02) | .05 (.00) | | 5th Quintile | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | | Social deprivation | | | | | | | | | 1st Quintile | −2.66 (.14) | −.44 (.00) | −5.14 (.04) | −3.26 (.01) | −6.78 (.07) | −9.29 (.03) | −.9 (.00) | | 2nd Quintile | −26.46 (.13) | −.57 (.00) | −6.08 (.04) | −3.25 (.01) | −9.86 (.07) | −1.43 (.03) | −.91 (.00) | | 3rd Quintile | −2.88 (.12) | −.43 (.00) | −4.54 (.04) | −2.21 (.01) | −7.07 (.06) | −8.26 (.03) | −.61 (.00) | | 4th Quintile | −5.88 (.11) | −.05 (.00) | −.74 (.03) | −.35 (.01) | −1.05 (.06) | −2.86 (.03) | −.1 (.00) | | 5th Quintile | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | | Location of the DA | | | | | | | | | Metropolitan area | 17.55 (.11) | .78 (.00) | 4.72 (.03) | 4.56 (.01) | 7.16 (.06) | 9.11 (.03) | 1.48 (.00) | | Small town | 12.38 (.13) | .32 (.00) | 6.24 (.04) | 3.57 (.01) | 6 (.07) | 3.06 (.03) | 1.72 (.00) | | Rural | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| | 3 KILOMETRE | | Intercept | −1335.6 (1.81) | −12.14 (.02) | −364.31 (.50) | −68.76 (.14) | −645.96 (.90) | −244.6 (.45) | −19.10 (.04) | | % Male | 90.57 (.03) | .02 (.00) | 2.90 (.01) | .16 (.00) | 4.48 (.01) | .98 (.01) | .04 (.00) | | % 15–19 years | .43 (.04) | .07 (.00) | .97 (.01) | .06 (.00) | .96 (.02) | −.61 (.01) | .07 (.00) | | % 20–34 years | 2.77 (.02) | .22 (.00) | 4.81 (.01) | 1.34 (.00) | 9.49 (.01) | 5.00 (.00) | .32 (.00) | | % 35–44 years | 12.88 (.03) | .13 (.00) | 2.59 (.01) | .98 (.00) | 5.76 (.02) | 3.65 (.01) | .18 (.00) | | % 45–64 years | 6.97 (.02) | .08 (.00) | 1.74 (.00) | .47 (.00) | 3.21 (.01) | 1.67 (.00) | .12 (.00) | | % 65 years+ | 1.79 (.02) | .13 (.00) | 2.73 (.00) | .72 (.00) | 4.96 (.01) | 2.41 (.00) | .18 (.00) | | % mobility | −1.23 (.01) | .00 (.00) | .00 (.00) | −.14 (.00) | −.32 (.00) | −.57 (.00) | −.01 (.00) | | % immigrants | 3.42 (.00) | .06 (.00) | .50 (.00) | .32 (.00) | 1.54 (.00) | 1.08 (.00) | .09 (.00) | | Material deprivation | | | | | | | | | 1st Quintile | 57.14 (.22) | 1.23 (.00) | 21.33 (.06) | −.14 (.02) | 42.49 (.11) | .48 (.06) | .97 (.00) | | 2nd Quintile | 6.21 (.22) | .53 (.00) | 6.71 (.06) | −1.02 (.02) | 14.60 (.11) | −5.35 (.05) | .20 (.00) | | 3rd Quintile | 1.18 (.21) | .39 (.00) | 4.23 (.06) | −.22 (.02) | 8.90 (.10) | −3.63 (.05) | .22 (.00) | | 4th Quintile | −10.03 (.20) | .16 (.00) | .75 (.06) | −.63 (.02) | .79 (.10) | −4.44 (.05) | .05 (.00) | | 5th Quintile | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | | Social deprivation | | | | | | | | | 1st Quintile | −35.42 (.26) | −.56 (.00) | −7.17 (.07) | −5.25 (.02) | −1.54 (.13) | −16.79 (.07) | −1.16 (.01) | | 2nd Quintile | −49.17 (.25) | −.79 (.00) | −9.79 (.07) | −5.48 (.02) | −17.29 (.12) | −19.56 (.06) | −1.3 (.01) | | 3rd Quintile | −4.43 (.23) | −.59 (.00) | −7.97 (.06) | −4.02 (.02) | −13.51 (.11) | −15.87 (.06) | −.93 (.01) | | 4th Quintile | −1.46 (.21) | −.05 (.00) | −1.27 (.06) | −.61 (.02) | −2.05 (.10) | −5.55 (.05) | −.13 (.00) | | 5th Quintile | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | | Location of the DA | | | | | | | | | Metropolitan area | 38.52 (.20) | 1.66 (.00) | 10.58 (.06) | 8.53 (.02) | 15.24 (.10) | 17.67 (.05) | 2.74 (.01) | | Small town | 19.93 (.24) | .90 (.00) | 10.37 (.07) | 6.15 (.02) | 9.26 (.12) | 4.98 (.06) | 2.82 (.01) | | Rural | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
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All variables are significant at the level of < .0001.
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