Substance Use, Criminal Recidivism, and Mortality in Criminal Justice Clients: A Comparison between Men and Women

Table 1

Baseline characteristics.

	Men%	Women%	Total%	value
	6231	804
Mean	32.3 years	36.2 years	32.7 years	<0.001
Urban residence, large	45.5 (2838)	39.4 (317)	44.8 (3155)	0.001
Country of birth, Nordic	81.1 (5053)	91.0 (732)	82.2 (5785)	<0.001
Homelessness, last 30 days	16.9 (1052)	19.0 (153)	17.1 (1205)	0.128
Client has	45.3 (2830)	64.8 (521)	47.5 (3341)	<0.001
Chronical physical	44.8 (2792)	57.1 (459)	46.2 (3251)	<0.001
Client has worked for the last 3 yrs	38.9 (2425)	36.1 (290)	38.6 (2715)	0.118
Client has partner with substance	10.0 (620)	34.0 (273)	12.7 (893)	<0.001
Lifetime history of substance abuse (>1 yr)
Binge drinking	41.3 (2572)	40.2 (323)	41.2 (2895)	0.550
Heroin	17.5 (1092)	19.3 (155)	17.7 (1247)	0.221
	2.9 (179)	4.7 (38)	3.1 (217)	0.004
Other opioids	12.8 (796)	14.2 (114)	12.9 (910)	0.264
Sedatives	29.0 (1807)	26.7 (215)	28.7 (2022)	0.183
	13.7 (854)	5.5 (44)	12.8 (898)	<0.001
	50.6 (3154)	54.5 (438)	51.1 (3592)	0.039
	53.6 (3337)	38.2 (307)	51.8 (3644)	<0.001
Injection drug	47.9 (2984)	54.4 (437)	48.6 (3421)	0.001
Mean number of substances used, last 30	1.4	1.3		0.003
Main crime in index verdict
Violent	13.4 (838)	10.1 (81)	13.1 (919)	0.008
Property	21.9 (1367)	15.4 (124)	21.2 (1491)	<0.001
Drug crime	22.9 (1429)	24.8 (199)	23.1 (1628)	0.250
Financial	3.8 (238)	6.1 (49)	4.1 (287)	0.002
Lifetime history of psychiatric problems
	14.0 (871)	21.8 (175)	14.9 (1046)	<0.001
Suicide	19.0 (1185)	35.2 (283)	20.9 (1468)	<0.001
	49.3 (3073)	62.7 (504)	50.8 (3577)	<0.001
	51.3 (3198)	66.7 (536)	53.1 (3734)	<0.001
Cognitive problems	51.7 (3219)	52.9 (425)	51.8 (3644)	0.522
Hallucinations	12.7 (793)	13.2 (106)	12.8 (899)	0.715
Difficulty controlling violent	41.8 (2605)	32.2 (259)	40.7 (2864)	<0.001

significantly associated with the outcome variable.