Is Long-Term Benzodiazepine Use a Risk Factor for Cognitive Decline? Results of a Systematic Review

Table 2

Study attributes, subject characteristics, pattern of benzodiazepine use, and risk of bias score of the studies.

Study	Country recruitment	Participants (N)	Age (years)	Men (%)	Chronic BZD users (n/%)	Frequency and duration of BZD use	Total % risk of bias score
Dealberto et al. [18]	USA, random selection	1200	65–84 (97%)	34	31/2.5%	Frequency unclear 6 years	54.5
Hanlon et al. [19]	USA, random selection	2765	65–105	36	168/6.0%	Regular or as needed use 3 years	54.5
Paterniti et al. [20]	France, electoral rolls	1176	60–70	41	80/6.8%	Regular use 4 years	54.5
Allard et al. [21]	France, regional GP network	372	76 (mean)	ND	27/7.2%	Frequency unclear 3 years	36.3
Bierman et al. [10]	The Netherlands, random selection	1351	62–85	47	37/2.7%	Regular use 9 years	63.3
van Vliet et al. [22]	The Netherlands, all the town inhabitants	486	85	33	140/28.8%	Daily use 1 year	54.5
Puustinen et al. [23]	Finland, all the town inhabitants	565	64–89	40	84/14.8%	Regular or irregular use 6 years	54.5
Boeuf-Cazou et al. [24]	France, random selection	1019	32–62	52	76/7.4%	Frequency unclear 1 year	63.3
Desplenter et al. [25]	Finland, random selection	449	81 (mean)	31	139/30.9%	Regular or as needed use 1 year	54.5
Gallacher et al. [26]	Wales, random selection	1134	45–64	100	103/9.0%	Regular use 4 years	63.3
Mura et al. [7]	France, all the town inhabitants	5195	73 (mean)	40	969/18.6%	At least once a week use 2 years	63.3
Gray et al. [27]	USA, random selection	3434	70–80	40	267/7.7%	Daily use 1 year (median)	63.3
Chung et al. [28]	USA, Canada, databases	30	55–90	26	15/50.0%	Frequency unclear 6.4 years (mean)	72.7
Zhang et al. [29]	USA, databases	5423	73 (mean)	34	177/3.2%	Frequency unclear 3 years	54.5

BZD = benzodiazepine; GP = general practitioner. Participants who completed the follow-up.