Numerical Solutions of Stochastic Differential Equations Driven by Poisson Random Measure with Non-Lipschitz Coefficients
Hui Yu1and Minghui Song1
Academic Editor: Said Abbasbandy
Received15 Jan 2012
Revised20 Mar 2012
Accepted22 Mar 2012
Published10 Jul 2012
Abstract
The numerical methods in the current known literature require the stochastic differential equations (SDEs) driven by Poisson random measure satisfying the global Lipschitz condition and the linear growth condition. In this paper, Euler's method is introduced for SDEs driven by Poisson random measure with non-Lipschitz coefficients which cover more classes of such equations than before. The main aim is to investigate the convergence of the Euler method in probability to such equations with non-Lipschitz coefficients. Numerical example is given to demonstrate our results.
1. Introduction
In finance market and other areas, it is meaningful and significant to model the impact of event-driven uncertainty. Events such as corporate defaults, operational failures, market crashes, or central bank announcements require the introduction of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) driven by Poisson random measure (see [1, 2]), since such equations were initiated in [3].
Actually, we can only obtain the explicit solutions of a small class of SDEs driven by Poisson random measure and so numerical methods are necessary. In general, numerical methods can be divided into strong approximations and weak approximations. Strong approximations focus on pathwise approximations while weak approximations (see [4, 5]) are fit for problems such as derivative pricing.
We give an overview of the results on the strong approximations of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) driven by Poisson random measure in the existing literature. In [6], a convergence result for strong approximations of any given order was presented. Moreover, N. Bruti-Liberatiand E. Platen (see [7]) obtain the jump-adapted order scheme, and they also give the derivative-free or implicit jump-adapted schemes with desired order of strong convergence. And for the specific case of pure jump SDEs, they (see [8]) establish the strong convergence of Taylorβs methods under weaker conditions than the currently known. In [5, 7], the drift-implicit schemes which achieve strong order are given. Recently, Mordecki et al. [9] improved adaptive time stepping algorithms based on a jump augmented Monte Carlo Euler-Maruyama method, which achieve a prescribed precision. M. Wei [10] demonstrates the convergence of numerical solutions for variable delay differential equations driven by Poisson random measure. In [11], the developed Runge-Kutta methods are presented to improve the accuracy behaviour of problems with small noise to SDEs with Poisson random measure.
Clearly, the results above require that the SDEs driven by Poisson random measure satisfy the global Lipschitz condition and the linear growth condition. However, there are many equations which do not satisfy above conditions, and we can see such equations in Section 5 in our paper. Our main contribution is to present Eulerβs method for these equations with non-Lipschitz coefficients. Here non-Lipschitz coefficients are interpreted in [12], that is to say, the drift coefficients and the diffusion coefficients satisfy the local Lipschitz conditions, the jump coefficients satisfy the global Lipschitz conditions, and the one-sided linear growth condition is considered. Our work is motivated by [12] in which the existence of global solutions for these equations with non-Lipschitz coefficients is proved, while there is no numerical method is presented in our known literature. And our aim in this paper is to close this gap.
Our work is organized as follows. In Section 2, the property of SDEs driven by Poisson random measure with non-Lipschitz coefficients is given. In Section 3, Euler method is analyzed for such equations. In Section 4, we present the convergence in probability of the Euler method. In Section 5, an example is presented.
2. The SDEs Driven by Poisson Random Measure with Non-Lipschitz Coefficients
Throughout this paper, unless specified, we use the following notations. Let and . Let and be the Euclidean norm and the inner product of vectors in . If is a vector or matrix, its transpose is denoted by . If is a matrix, its trace norm is denoted by . Let denote the family of -valued -measurable random variables with . [] denotes the largest integer which is less than or equal to in . denotes the indicator function of a set .
The following -dimensional SDE driven by Poisson random measure is considered in our paper:
for with initial condition , where denotes and .
The drift coefficient , the diffusion coefficient , and the jump coefficient are assumed to be Borel measurable functions.
The randomness of (2.1) is generated by the following (see [9]). An -dimensional Wiener process with independent scalar components is defined on a filtered probability space . A Poisson random measure is on , where with , and its deterministic compensated measure , that is, . is a probability density, and we require finite intensity . The Poisson random measure is defined on a filtered probability space . The Wiener process and the Poisson random measure are mutually independent. The process is thus defined on a product space , where and contains all -null sets.
Now, the condition of non-Lipschitz coefficients is given by the following assumptions.
Assumption 2.1. For each integer , there exists a positive constant , dependent on , such that
for with . And there exists a positive constant such that
for .
Assumption 2.2. There exists a positive constant such that
for .
A unique global solution of (2.1) exists under Assumptions 2.1 and 2.2, see [12].
Assumption 2.3. Consider
Actually, Assumptions 2.1 and 2.3 imply the linear growth conditions
for with and , and
for and .
The following result shows that the solution of (2.1) keeps in a compact set with a large probability.
Lemma 2.4. Under Assumptions 2.1 and 2.2, for any pair of and , there exists a sufficiently large integer , dependent on and , such that
where for .
Proof. Using ItΓ΄'s formula (see [1]) to , for , we have
which gives
for . By Assumption 2.2, we thus have
for . Consequently by using the Gronwall inequality (see [13]), we obtain
for . We therefore get
which means
So for any , we can choose
such that
Hence, we have the result (2.8).
3. The Euler Method
In this section, we introduce the Euler method to (2.1) under Assumptions 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3. Subsequently, we give two lemmas to analyze the Euler method over a finite time interval , where is a positive number.
Given a step size , the Euler method applied to (2.1) computes approximation , where , by setting and forming
where .
The continuous-time Euler method is then defined by
where for .
Actually, we can see in [8], is a stochastic process that counts the number of jumps until some given time. The Poisson random measure generates a sequence of pairs for a given finite positive constant if . Here is a sequence of increasing nonnegative random variables representing the jump times of a standard Poisson process with intensity , and is a sequence of independent identically distributed random variables, where is distributed according to . Then (3.1) can equivalently be the following form:
The following lemma shows the close relation between the continuous-time Euler method (3.2) and its step function .
Lemma 3.1. Under Assumptions 2.1 and 2.3, for any , there exists a positive constant , dependent on and independent of , such that for all the continuous-time Euler method (3.2) satisfies
for , where for and is defined in Lemma 2.4.
Proof. For , there is an integer such that . So it follows from (3.2) that
Thus, by taking expectations and using the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality and the martingale properties of and , we have
where the inequality for is used. Therefore, by applying Assumptions 2.1 and 2.3, we get
which lead to
for . Therefore, we obtain the result (3.4) by choosing
In accord with Lemma 2.4, we give the following lemma which demonstrates that the solution of continuous-time Euler method (3.2) remains in a compact set with a large probability.
Lemma 3.2. Under Assumptions 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3, for any pair of and , there exist a sufficiently large and a sufficiently small such that
where is defined in Lemma 3.1.
Proof . Applying generalized ItΓ΄'s formula (see [1]) to , for , yields
By taking expectations, we thus have
For . Now, by using the inequalities for , (2.2) in Assumption 2.1, Fubini's theorem, Cauchy-Schwarzβs inequality, and Lemma 3.1, we get
And, similarly as above, we have
Moreover, in the same way, we obtain
where the inequality for , (2.3) in Assumptions 2.1 and 2.3, Fubini's theorem, and Lemma 3.1 are used. Subsequently, substituting (3.13), (3.14), and (3.15) into (3.12) together with Assumption 2.2 leads to
for . Therefore, by the Gronwall inequality (see [13]), for , we get
where
We thus obtain that
So for any , we can choose sufficiently large integer such that
and choose sufficiently small such that
Hence, we have
4. Convergence in Probability
In this section, we present two convergence theorems of the Euler method to the SDE with Poisson random measure (2.1) over a finite time interval .
At the beginning, we give a lemma based on Lemma 3.1.
Lemma 4.1. Under Assumptions 2.1 and 2.3, for any , there exists a positive constant , dependent on and independent of , such that for all the solution of (2.1) and the continuous-time Euler method (3.2) satisfy
where and are defined in Lemmas 2.4 and 3.1, respectively.
Proof. From (2.1) and (3.2), for any , we have
where the inequality for is used. Therefore, by using the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, (2.2) in Assumption 2.1, Lemma 3.1 and Fubini's theorem, we obtain
Moreover, by using the martingale properties of and , Assumption 2.1, Lemma 3.1, and Fubini's theorem, we have
Hence, by substituting (4.3) and (4.4) into (4.2), we get
So using the Gronwall inequality (see [13]), we have the result (4.1) by choosing
Now, let's state our theorem which demonstrates the convergence in probability of the continuous-time Euler method (3.2).
Theorem 4.2. Under Assumptions 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3, for sufficiently small , there is a such that for all
for any .
Proof. For sufficiently small , we define
According to Lemmas 2.4 and 3.2, there exists a pair of and such that
We thus have
for . Moreover, according to Lemma 4.1, we have
which leads to
for . Therefore, from the inequalities above, we obtain
for , where .
We remark that the continuous-time Euler solution (3.2) cannot be computed, since it requires knowledge of the entire Brownian motion and Poisson random measure paths, not just only their -increments. Therefore, the last theorem shows the convergence in probability of the discrete Euler solution (3.1).
Theorem 4.3. Under Assumptions 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3, for sufficiently small , there is a such that for all
for any .
Proof. For sufficiently small , we define
A similar analysis as Theorem 4.2 gives
Recalling that
and using Lemmas 3.1 and 4.1, we get that
for sufficiently small . Consequently, the inequalities above show that
for all sufficiently small . So we complete the result (4.14).
5. Numerical Example
In this section, a numerical example is analyzed under Assumptions 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3 which cover more classes of SDEs driven by Poisson random measure.
Now, we consider the following equation:
with , where . The coefficients of this equation have the form
The compensated measure of the Poisson random measure is given by , where and
is the density function of a lognormal random variable.
Clearly, the equation cannot satisfy the global Lipschitz conditions and the linear growth conditions. On the other hand, we have
that is to say, Assumptions 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3 in Section 2 are satisfied. Therefore, Albeverio et al. [12] guarantee that (5.1) has a unique global solution on .
Given the stepsize , we can have the Euler method
with .
And in Matlab experiment, each discretized trajectory is actually given in detail by the following.
Algorithm βSimulate ;βSimulate variable , where is from Poisson distribution with parameter ;βSimulate independent random variables uniformly distributed on the interval ;βSimulate independent random variables with law ;βobtain .Subsequently, we can get the results in Theorems 4.2 and 4.3.
Acknowledgment
This work is supported by the NSF of China (no. 11071050).
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