Research Article
A Steganographic Method Based on Pixel-Value Differencing and the Perfect Square Number
Table 3
The distributions of pixel-value difference, payload, and MSE for images using Wu and Tsai’s method.
| Range width | Lena | Baboon | Peppers | Jet | SailBoat | Tiffany | Payload | MSE |
| 2 | 79276 | 72714 | 77375 | 90611 | 77179 | 83887 | 1 | 0.5 | 2 | 17302 | 7786 | 15376 | 17330 | 12301 | 18372 | 1 | 0.5 | 4 | 18177 | 12904 | 20501 | 11449 | 16226 | 15669 | 2 | 1.5 | 4 | 6986 | 9285 | 9018 | 3894 | 9154 | 5318 | 2 | 1.5 | 4 | 3266 | 6437 | 3786 | 2026 | 5174 | 2556 | 2 | 1.5 | 8 | 2889 | 8147 | 2574 | 2049 | 4944 | 2354 | 3 | 3.5 | 8 | 1392 | 5010 | 869 | 1138 | 2378 | 1040 | 3 | 3.5 | 16 | 1174 | 5201 | 733 | 1259 | 2200 | 885 | 4 | 7.5 | 16 | 385 | 2288 | 292 | 586 | 907 | 386 | 4 | 7.5 | 32 | 214 | 1207 | 273 | 281 | 504 | 551 | 5 | 16 | 32 | 11 | 91 | 120 | 408 | 46 | 45 | 5 | 16 | 64 | 0 | 2 | 155 | 41 | 59 | 8 | 6 | 32 | 64 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 32 |
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