Stress Analysis of Osteoporotic Lumbar Vertebra Using Finite Element Model with Microscaled Beam-Shell Trabecular-Cortical Structure

Figure 1

Lattice models with a trabecular structure before and after perturbation for three age groups—young (<50 years); middle (50 through 75 years); and old (>75 years).

(a)   Before perturbation

(b) After perturbation