Hydrodynamic Characterization of the Polyodon spathula Rostrum Using CFD

Table 4

Rostrum lift and drag components pertaining to the contributions from pressure and viscous forces, as well as the integrated total lift and drag force over the entire rostrum surface (see (2)-(3)).

(𝛼)	𝐶𝑙(press.)	𝐶𝑙(visc.)	𝐹𝐿(Tot.) (N)	𝐶𝑑(press.)	𝐶𝑑(visc.)	𝐹𝐷(Tot.) (N)
0°	0.0244	0.0001	0.0552	0.0663	0.0526	0.2703
5°	0.5677	−0.0041	1.5081	0.1233	0.0523	0.3991
10°	1.0137	−0.0083	2.9668	0.2950	0.0514	0.7870