Dynamical Complexity of a Spatial Phytoplankton-Zooplankton Model with an Alternative Prey and Refuge Effect

Figure 3

Spatiotemporal dynamics of model (3) where 𝑏=1.2. The number of iterations are as follows (a) 1, (b) 200, and (c) 3000. (d) The phase diagram.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)